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<p>This study investigates the magnetic properties, elemental composition, and surface morphology of coal, fly ash, and bottom ash samples collected from the Cuddalore Thermal Power Plant area. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that lignite coal exhibits paramagnetic to weak ferrimagnetic behavior, while fly ash samples show a combination of superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic characteristics, and bottom ash predominantly demonstrates strong ferrimagnetism due to coarse, stable magnetic minerals. This leads to the use of EDS spectroscopy techniques to analyze 25 coal and ash samples. Thus, the mean elemental composition was found to be ascending order: Mg (0.30) &lt; Ca (0.66) &lt; S (1.18) &lt; Fe (3.62) &lt; Al (5.99) &lt; Si (14.43) &lt; C (37.19) &lt; O (39.82). S, Fe, Al, Si, C, and O were identified as predominant elements in the coal and ash samples. Even trace elements can pose health hazards, contributing to air contamination and soil pollution. High concentrations of Si and Al levels in ash may cause particulate pollution and respiratory issues, while Ca and Mg can influence the alkalinity and mobility of toxic elements in leachates. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed distinct morphological variations: coal samples exhibited irregular, porous, and fractured surfaces; fly ash samples displayed spherical particles; and bottom ash samples showed coarse, aggregated structures. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between elemental composition and magnetic parameters (χ<sub>LF</sub>, χ<sub>HF</sub>, and χ<sub>FD</sub>%). The results suggest that both natural and anthropogenic factors control the distribution of elements and magnetic behavior. </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Environmental assessment of magnetic and elemental characteristics of coal and combustion ashes collected from the Cuddalore Thermal Power Plant, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Poongodi Gangatharan,
  • Chandrasekaran Anandanarayanan,
  • Lakshmi Narasimhan Chandrasekaran,
  • Saiyad Musthafa Mohamed

摘要

This study investigates the magnetic properties, elemental composition, and surface morphology of coal, fly ash, and bottom ash samples collected from the Cuddalore Thermal Power Plant area. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that lignite coal exhibits paramagnetic to weak ferrimagnetic behavior, while fly ash samples show a combination of superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic characteristics, and bottom ash predominantly demonstrates strong ferrimagnetism due to coarse, stable magnetic minerals. This leads to the use of EDS spectroscopy techniques to analyze 25 coal and ash samples. Thus, the mean elemental composition was found to be ascending order: Mg (0.30) < Ca (0.66) < S (1.18) < Fe (3.62) < Al (5.99) < Si (14.43) < C (37.19) < O (39.82). S, Fe, Al, Si, C, and O were identified as predominant elements in the coal and ash samples. Even trace elements can pose health hazards, contributing to air contamination and soil pollution. High concentrations of Si and Al levels in ash may cause particulate pollution and respiratory issues, while Ca and Mg can influence the alkalinity and mobility of toxic elements in leachates. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed distinct morphological variations: coal samples exhibited irregular, porous, and fractured surfaces; fly ash samples displayed spherical particles; and bottom ash samples showed coarse, aggregated structures. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between elemental composition and magnetic parameters (χLF, χHF, and χFD%). The results suggest that both natural and anthropogenic factors control the distribution of elements and magnetic behavior.

Graphical abstract