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<p>In the realm of asymmetric warfare, the intentional deployment of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and biological pathogens presents a substantial challenge to global security. This study reports the development of functional material integrated with silver nanoweb for the fabrication of a lightweight, flexible, low-resistance multilayer filter designed to provide simultaneous protection against CWAs, TICs and pathogens. The facemask is designed for use in low-intensity conflict scenarios and aims to provide rapid protection during chemical or biological exposure events. It functions primarily as an escape mask, enabling individuals to safely evacuate contaminated areas. A metal-functionalized activated carbon fabric (ACF) integrated silver-embedded nanoweb (fabricated through electrospinning) enables simultaneous protection against chemical, biological, and industrial agents along with antimicrobial activity. Filter layers were optimized for chemical, biological, and particulate filtration, with tuning of surface functionality, nanoweb deposition, and layer configuration. The filter layers were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM, EDX, TGA, and FT-IR to elucidate structural and chemical properties. The developed filter materials were evaluated against TICs (NH<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, Cl<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S), CWA simulants, blood agent (HCN and CNCl), and pathogens. These chem-bio facemask filter layers exhibited 95% filtration efficiency (0.3&#xa0;µm) and enabled simultaneous removal of CWAs, TICs, and pathogens. To prevent the shedding of micro-fragments from the adsorbent layer, the mask is reinforced with a multifunctional outer fabric on the top surface and a non-woven support layer on the inner side. Owing to its ease of use and broad applicability, the device has significant potential for protecting the general public during unforeseen chemical or biological emergencies. This broad-spectrum protection is attributed to the synergistic role of high surface area ACF, metal-ACF and silver-embedded nanoweb. The developed hybrid material offers valuable insights for designing next-generation filter media for toxic gases removal.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Next generation silver nanoweb-carbon composite for protection against chem-bio threat and toxic industrial gases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Akash Verma,
  • Pushpendra K. Sharma,
  • Virendra Vikram Singh,
  • Lokesh K. Pandey,
  • Vikas B. Thakare,
  • Kavita Agarwal,
  • Sanjay Upadhyay

摘要

In the realm of asymmetric warfare, the intentional deployment of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and biological pathogens presents a substantial challenge to global security. This study reports the development of functional material integrated with silver nanoweb for the fabrication of a lightweight, flexible, low-resistance multilayer filter designed to provide simultaneous protection against CWAs, TICs and pathogens. The facemask is designed for use in low-intensity conflict scenarios and aims to provide rapid protection during chemical or biological exposure events. It functions primarily as an escape mask, enabling individuals to safely evacuate contaminated areas. A metal-functionalized activated carbon fabric (ACF) integrated silver-embedded nanoweb (fabricated through electrospinning) enables simultaneous protection against chemical, biological, and industrial agents along with antimicrobial activity. Filter layers were optimized for chemical, biological, and particulate filtration, with tuning of surface functionality, nanoweb deposition, and layer configuration. The filter layers were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM, EDX, TGA, and FT-IR to elucidate structural and chemical properties. The developed filter materials were evaluated against TICs (NH3, SO2, Cl2, H2S), CWA simulants, blood agent (HCN and CNCl), and pathogens. These chem-bio facemask filter layers exhibited 95% filtration efficiency (0.3 µm) and enabled simultaneous removal of CWAs, TICs, and pathogens. To prevent the shedding of micro-fragments from the adsorbent layer, the mask is reinforced with a multifunctional outer fabric on the top surface and a non-woven support layer on the inner side. Owing to its ease of use and broad applicability, the device has significant potential for protecting the general public during unforeseen chemical or biological emergencies. This broad-spectrum protection is attributed to the synergistic role of high surface area ACF, metal-ACF and silver-embedded nanoweb. The developed hybrid material offers valuable insights for designing next-generation filter media for toxic gases removal.

Graphical Abstract