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<p>Mangrove ecosystems are integral to the ecological stability of coastal environments and to the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture. We studied the impact of <i>Rhizophora mucronata</i> leaf litter on water quality, tannin, growth, survival, and feed conversion of tiger shrimp PL-40 culture in brackish water ponds. Two treatments were tested: (A) ponds soaked with <i>R. mucronata</i> leaf litter (0.125&#xa0;mg/L); (B) ponds not soaked with <i>R. mucronata</i> leaf litter. Each treatment was replicated three times with a post-larvae stocking density of 10 ind./m<sup>2</sup>. Shrimp were fed a pellet at 20% of their biomass and gradually reduced to 3% by the fourth month. In the first 2&#xa0;months, water from a reservoir pond was pumped into the pond every 3&#xa0;days to replace the water lost through seepage and evaporation. However, 2&#xa0;months later, 5% of the total water volume in the ponds was exchanged with water from a reservoir every 3&#xa0;days. Treatment A had lower levels of total organic matter, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, as well as lower <i>Vibrio</i> spp. levels in sediments, compared to treatment B in the initial study. Conversely, these parameters deteriorated near the end of the study. The highest tannin leaching of <i>R. mucronata</i> leaf litter occurred on day 25. Shrimp survival, growth, and production rates were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in treatment A than in treatment B. The feed conversion ratios were more efficient in treatment A than in treatment B. Shrimp in treatment B also experienced an IHHNV infection. These findings highlight the potential of mangrove leaf litter as a natural means to enhance water quality, improve shrimp growth, and mitigate disease in shrimp aquaculture.</p>

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Impact of Rhizophora mucronata leaf litter on water quality, tannin, feed conversion, survival rate, and production of Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) cultured in brackish water ponds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Gunarto Gunarto,
  • Hidayat S. Suwoyo,
  • Muliani Muliani,
  • Emma Suryati,
  • Nuril Farizah,
  • Kamariah Kamariah,
  • Early Septiningsih

摘要

Mangrove ecosystems are integral to the ecological stability of coastal environments and to the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture. We studied the impact of Rhizophora mucronata leaf litter on water quality, tannin, growth, survival, and feed conversion of tiger shrimp PL-40 culture in brackish water ponds. Two treatments were tested: (A) ponds soaked with R. mucronata leaf litter (0.125 mg/L); (B) ponds not soaked with R. mucronata leaf litter. Each treatment was replicated three times with a post-larvae stocking density of 10 ind./m2. Shrimp were fed a pellet at 20% of their biomass and gradually reduced to 3% by the fourth month. In the first 2 months, water from a reservoir pond was pumped into the pond every 3 days to replace the water lost through seepage and evaporation. However, 2 months later, 5% of the total water volume in the ponds was exchanged with water from a reservoir every 3 days. Treatment A had lower levels of total organic matter, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, as well as lower Vibrio spp. levels in sediments, compared to treatment B in the initial study. Conversely, these parameters deteriorated near the end of the study. The highest tannin leaching of R. mucronata leaf litter occurred on day 25. Shrimp survival, growth, and production rates were higher (p < 0.05) in treatment A than in treatment B. The feed conversion ratios were more efficient in treatment A than in treatment B. Shrimp in treatment B also experienced an IHHNV infection. These findings highlight the potential of mangrove leaf litter as a natural means to enhance water quality, improve shrimp growth, and mitigate disease in shrimp aquaculture.