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<p>Bismarck Brown G is a carcinogenic cationic dye that continues to contaminate water sources despite regulations limiting its use. In this study, copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were grown on the surface of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds to develop a Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>/BC composite in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner for the removal of the dye from water. The composite was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry techniques, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller gas adsorption analysis, which confirmed the successful integration of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> with the BC matrix. The prepared Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>/BC had a specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of ~ 86 m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>, 0.092&#xa0;cc&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>, and 1.932&#xa0;nm, respectively, with numerous functional groups on its surface. Due to these properties, the resulting composite was used for the adsorption of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) dye. Almost complete (~ 99.0%) dye removal was achieved at an optimized dose of 3&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>, pH = 7, in 150&#xa0;min, and at a temperature of 30&#xa0;°C. The adsorption isotherm followed the order of fitting: Langmuir &gt; Freundlich &gt; Temkin. The isotherm results indicated chemisorption (with some physisorption) on a heterogeneous surface. The kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly chemisorption-driven mechanism. In conclusion, the Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>/BC nanocomposite shows potential to serve as an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and scalable adsorbent material for industrial wastewater treatment. </p>

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Novel Cu(OH)2/BC: a nano biocomposite for water cleansing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Ghaida H. Munshi,
  • Abeer Mohammed AL-Balawi,
  • Salwa D. Al-Malwi,
  • Ebtesam Al-Mutairi,
  • Naha Meslet Alsebaii,
  • Khloud Saeed Al-Thubaiti,
  • Elham A. Alzahrani

摘要

Bismarck Brown G is a carcinogenic cationic dye that continues to contaminate water sources despite regulations limiting its use. In this study, copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanoparticles were grown on the surface of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds to develop a Cu(OH)2/BC composite in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner for the removal of the dye from water. The composite was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry techniques, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller gas adsorption analysis, which confirmed the successful integration of Cu(OH)2 with the BC matrix. The prepared Cu(OH)2/BC had a specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of ~ 86 m2 g⁻1, 0.092 cc g⁻1, and 1.932 nm, respectively, with numerous functional groups on its surface. Due to these properties, the resulting composite was used for the adsorption of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) dye. Almost complete (~ 99.0%) dye removal was achieved at an optimized dose of 3 g L⁻1, pH = 7, in 150 min, and at a temperature of 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm followed the order of fitting: Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin. The isotherm results indicated chemisorption (with some physisorption) on a heterogeneous surface. The kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly chemisorption-driven mechanism. In conclusion, the Cu(OH)2/BC nanocomposite shows potential to serve as an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and scalable adsorbent material for industrial wastewater treatment.