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<p>This study introduces a novel approach for copper corrosion inhibition using <i>Centaurea calcitrapa</i> ethanol extract (CCEE) by integrating experimental investigations. The work provides important insights into the design of eco-friendly, plant-based inhibitors and their potential applications in saline environments. The corrosion inhibition capabilities of CCEE as a sustainable green copper inhibitor in 3.5% NaCl media are examined in this work. Following ethanolic extraction, the extract was chemically characterized by GC/MS and HPLC analyses. It was shown to have a significant amount of flavonoid and phenolic chemicals, which are known to have the capacity to adsorb on metallic surfaces. Using weight loss (WL) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques, corrosion behavior was assessed throughout a temperature range of 293–333&#xa0;K. At 100&#xa0;ppm and 293&#xa0;K, the corrosion rate dropped from 0.836402 to 0.060579 mpy, resulting in a 92.7% (WL) inhibition efficiency. PDP measurements verified 91.3% efficiency for mixed-type inhibition. The observed decrease in inhibitory efficiency at higher temperatures (70.28% at 333&#xa0;K) was in line with adsorption experiments that showed spontaneous and primarily physical adsorption nature. The development of a protective adsorbed layer on the Cu surface was validated by surface morphology and elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). By determining the active adsorption sites and electron-donating capacity of the predominant phytoconstituent, DFT computations validated the experimental results. With high agreement between predicted and experimental values, statistical analysis using ANOVA and RSM showed that inhibitor concentration was the most important factor impacting inhibition efficiency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In chloride settings, CCEE is an efficient and ecologically safe corrosion inhibitor for copper, as confirmed by the combined experimental, theoretical, and statistical method.</p>

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Exploring the novel potential of Centaurea calcitrapa ethanol extract as a sustainable green inhibitor for copper corrosion in 3.5% NaCl medium: experimental, modeling, and ANOVA approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Fatma Sh. Abd El-Gwaid,
  • Amira M. Hyba,
  • Ghalia A. Gaber

摘要

This study introduces a novel approach for copper corrosion inhibition using Centaurea calcitrapa ethanol extract (CCEE) by integrating experimental investigations. The work provides important insights into the design of eco-friendly, plant-based inhibitors and their potential applications in saline environments. The corrosion inhibition capabilities of CCEE as a sustainable green copper inhibitor in 3.5% NaCl media are examined in this work. Following ethanolic extraction, the extract was chemically characterized by GC/MS and HPLC analyses. It was shown to have a significant amount of flavonoid and phenolic chemicals, which are known to have the capacity to adsorb on metallic surfaces. Using weight loss (WL) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques, corrosion behavior was assessed throughout a temperature range of 293–333 K. At 100 ppm and 293 K, the corrosion rate dropped from 0.836402 to 0.060579 mpy, resulting in a 92.7% (WL) inhibition efficiency. PDP measurements verified 91.3% efficiency for mixed-type inhibition. The observed decrease in inhibitory efficiency at higher temperatures (70.28% at 333 K) was in line with adsorption experiments that showed spontaneous and primarily physical adsorption nature. The development of a protective adsorbed layer on the Cu surface was validated by surface morphology and elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). By determining the active adsorption sites and electron-donating capacity of the predominant phytoconstituent, DFT computations validated the experimental results. With high agreement between predicted and experimental values, statistical analysis using ANOVA and RSM showed that inhibitor concentration was the most important factor impacting inhibition efficiency (p < 0.001). In chloride settings, CCEE is an efficient and ecologically safe corrosion inhibitor for copper, as confirmed by the combined experimental, theoretical, and statistical method.