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<p>This study investigates the performance of natural sand particles from the Taklamakan Desert as a low-cost adsorbent for removing Cd(II) from water. SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterization revealed a multi-porous silica structure with abundant Si–OH and Si–O-Si groups. Using a microcolumn coupled with FAAS under optimal conditions (pH 5.5–6.5, flow rate 3&#xa0;mL·min<sup>−1</sup>, room temperature), the sand particles exhibited a dynamic saturation adsorption capacity of 10.2&#xa0;mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for Cd(II) ions, achieving an adsorption rate of 90.2%. Equilibrium data conformed to the Freundlich model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.938), indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Kinetic data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.966), revealing a chemically controlled mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process as a spontaneous, endothermic reaction. When using 0.5&#xa0;mol·L⁻<sup>1</sup> hydrochloric acid at a flow rate of 1.5&#xa0;mL·min⁻<sup>1</sup>, the desorption efficiency reached 98.3%, and no obvious loss of adsorption capacity was observed after regeneration of the adsorbent. This demonstrates that natural sand particles represent a sustainable and highly efficient adsorbent for Cd(II) remediation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Performance research of the natural sand grains for adsorption enrichment and removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Jiaxiang Qi,
  • Yixin Sui,
  • Shuaibing Gao,
  • Linlin Chai,
  • Shawket Abliz

摘要

This study investigates the performance of natural sand particles from the Taklamakan Desert as a low-cost adsorbent for removing Cd(II) from water. SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterization revealed a multi-porous silica structure with abundant Si–OH and Si–O-Si groups. Using a microcolumn coupled with FAAS under optimal conditions (pH 5.5–6.5, flow rate 3 mL·min−1, room temperature), the sand particles exhibited a dynamic saturation adsorption capacity of 10.2 mg·g−1 for Cd(II) ions, achieving an adsorption rate of 90.2%. Equilibrium data conformed to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.938), indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Kinetic data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.966), revealing a chemically controlled mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process as a spontaneous, endothermic reaction. When using 0.5 mol·L⁻1 hydrochloric acid at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min⁻1, the desorption efficiency reached 98.3%, and no obvious loss of adsorption capacity was observed after regeneration of the adsorbent. This demonstrates that natural sand particles represent a sustainable and highly efficient adsorbent for Cd(II) remediation.

Graphical Abstract