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<p>Our objective was to explore the association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollutants and the odds of ASD in their child. We conducted a nested case–control study of participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) children born 1990–2002 with ASD (n = 250) and without ASD (n = 1,539) were randomly selected using frequency matching for birth years. The monthly average for each gaseous pollutant O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and SO<sub>2</sub> were obtained from the daily values from the nearest 5 monitoring stations using distance-weighted averages from the nurse’s residence and averaged across months for different exposure windows. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ASD. Per interquartile range (IQR) increase for each pollutant from mutually adjusted models were: O<sub>3</sub> in the 2nd trimester (OR per 0.007&#xa0;ppm: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.96–1.50); SO<sub>2</sub> in the 9&#xa0;months before pregnancy (OR per 5.54&#xa0;ppb: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.33–3.83); NO<sub>2</sub> in the 3rd trimester (OR per 9.9&#xa0;ppb = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.28); and CO in the 3&#xa0;months after pregnancy (OR per 0.52&#xa0;ppm: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.71–2.63). Our findings suggest different critical windows of exposure around pregnancy for different air pollutants.</p>

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Perinatal exposure to gaseous pollutants and autism spectrum disorder in children: A nested case–control study in the nurses’ health study ii cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Hayon Michelle Choi,
  • Bethsaida Cardona,
  • Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou,
  • Francine Laden,
  • Jaime Hart,
  • Marc G. Weisskopf

摘要

Our objective was to explore the association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollutants and the odds of ASD in their child. We conducted a nested case–control study of participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) children born 1990–2002 with ASD (n = 250) and without ASD (n = 1,539) were randomly selected using frequency matching for birth years. The monthly average for each gaseous pollutant O3, NO2, CO, and SO2 were obtained from the daily values from the nearest 5 monitoring stations using distance-weighted averages from the nurse’s residence and averaged across months for different exposure windows. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ASD. Per interquartile range (IQR) increase for each pollutant from mutually adjusted models were: O3 in the 2nd trimester (OR per 0.007 ppm: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.96–1.50); SO2 in the 9 months before pregnancy (OR per 5.54 ppb: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.33–3.83); NO2 in the 3rd trimester (OR per 9.9 ppb = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.28); and CO in the 3 months after pregnancy (OR per 0.52 ppm: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.71–2.63). Our findings suggest different critical windows of exposure around pregnancy for different air pollutants.