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<p>Contamination and bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) pose a significant threat globally. Prolonged exposure to As can lead to toxicity, negatively impacting agriculture and reducing crop yields<b>.</b> In the present study, among the four best arsenic-tolerant strains, <i>Providencia vermicola</i> was selected for its better germination and growth induction of maize. Results of the Petri plate screening assay showed titanium nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) (20 ppm) and cerium nanoparticles (CeO NPs) (10 ppm) were most effective in increasing biomass and germination of maize plants. In the pot experiment, the efficacy of separate and combined treatments of NPs in combination with <i>P. vermicola</i> was evaluated in the presence of As stress (150 ppm). Stressed plants depicted marked reduction in plant biomass (30–60%), photosynthetic pigments (30–105%), and increased levels of antioxidants (25–80%). In shoots and roots, combined treatment of NPs and <i>P. vermicola</i> increased Chl a (702%), Chl b (238%), carotenoid (327%), proline content (165–189%), CAT (46–55%), APX (147–200%), POD (85–90%), and SOD (70–87%) with 75–90% reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Combined treatments of NPs and <i>P. vermicola</i> showed a significant increase in nutrient content ranging from 29 to 675%. Based on in silico results, we found maize 16 proteins' positive regulatory role in arsenic-mediated pathophysiology. These identified proteins represent potential molecular targets for the rational design of next-generation biofertilizers aimed at disrupting arsenic-induced toxicity pathways. The present work demonstrates the synergistic efficacy of combining <i>P. vermicola</i> with TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and CeO NPs. This integrated strategy offers a novel, environmentally sustainable approach for enhancing bacterial performance and mitigating arsenic stress in maize.</p>

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Regulation of biochemical attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant activity in Zea mays L. for complete amelioration of heavy metal toxicity using synergistic application of arsenic-tolerant PGPR and nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月22日

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  • Mohsin Zafar,
  • Humaira Yasmin,
  • Tayyab Shafiq,
  • Rabia Naz,
  • Asia Nosheen,
  • Muhammad Nadeem Hassan

摘要

Contamination and bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) pose a significant threat globally. Prolonged exposure to As can lead to toxicity, negatively impacting agriculture and reducing crop yields. In the present study, among the four best arsenic-tolerant strains, Providencia vermicola was selected for its better germination and growth induction of maize. Results of the Petri plate screening assay showed titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (20 ppm) and cerium nanoparticles (CeO NPs) (10 ppm) were most effective in increasing biomass and germination of maize plants. In the pot experiment, the efficacy of separate and combined treatments of NPs in combination with P. vermicola was evaluated in the presence of As stress (150 ppm). Stressed plants depicted marked reduction in plant biomass (30–60%), photosynthetic pigments (30–105%), and increased levels of antioxidants (25–80%). In shoots and roots, combined treatment of NPs and P. vermicola increased Chl a (702%), Chl b (238%), carotenoid (327%), proline content (165–189%), CAT (46–55%), APX (147–200%), POD (85–90%), and SOD (70–87%) with 75–90% reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Combined treatments of NPs and P. vermicola showed a significant increase in nutrient content ranging from 29 to 675%. Based on in silico results, we found maize 16 proteins' positive regulatory role in arsenic-mediated pathophysiology. These identified proteins represent potential molecular targets for the rational design of next-generation biofertilizers aimed at disrupting arsenic-induced toxicity pathways. The present work demonstrates the synergistic efficacy of combining P. vermicola with TiO2 NPs and CeO NPs. This integrated strategy offers a novel, environmentally sustainable approach for enhancing bacterial performance and mitigating arsenic stress in maize.