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<p>Antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) was synthesized via a novel coprecipitation strategy employing tartaric acid (TA) as a chelating agent to stabilize antimony ions in aqueous media. By systematically adjusting tartaric acid concentrations and synthesis parameters, such as temperature and reaction time, it was possible to control the SbSI formation and its morphology. Remarkably, urchin-like microspheres composed of self-assembled microneedles were obtained at a specific SbCl₃:TA molar ratio (1:10) and temperatures (65, 80, and 90&#xa0;°C). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction powder (XRD) analyses confirmed the preferential orientation of the crystals exposed to the reaction medium in the samples with higher photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic tests using methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation showed a photocatalytic degradation degree of the molecule of MO of up to 95% after 40&#xa0;min of lamp irradiation. The main reactive species generated on the SbSI surface were identified as superoxide radicals (O₂⁻), as confirmed by scavenger-assisted photocatalytic experiments. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibited excellent stability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of approximately 90% within the first 60&#xa0;min across multiple consecutive cycles. The degree of mineralization exhibited a strong dependence on temperature, reaching up to 60% at 65&#xa0;°C, attributed to a phase transition occurring in the SbSI material.</p>

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Synthesis of SbSI microspheres with urchin-like morphology via tartaric acid-assisted coprecipitation and evaluation of their photocatalytic activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Javier Alberto Garza Guajardo,
  • Azael Martínez-de la Cruz,
  • Magaly Yajaira Nava Núñez,
  • Marco Antonio Garza Navarro

摘要

Antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) was synthesized via a novel coprecipitation strategy employing tartaric acid (TA) as a chelating agent to stabilize antimony ions in aqueous media. By systematically adjusting tartaric acid concentrations and synthesis parameters, such as temperature and reaction time, it was possible to control the SbSI formation and its morphology. Remarkably, urchin-like microspheres composed of self-assembled microneedles were obtained at a specific SbCl₃:TA molar ratio (1:10) and temperatures (65, 80, and 90 °C). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction powder (XRD) analyses confirmed the preferential orientation of the crystals exposed to the reaction medium in the samples with higher photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic tests using methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation showed a photocatalytic degradation degree of the molecule of MO of up to 95% after 40 min of lamp irradiation. The main reactive species generated on the SbSI surface were identified as superoxide radicals (O₂⁻), as confirmed by scavenger-assisted photocatalytic experiments. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibited excellent stability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of approximately 90% within the first 60 min across multiple consecutive cycles. The degree of mineralization exhibited a strong dependence on temperature, reaching up to 60% at 65 °C, attributed to a phase transition occurring in the SbSI material.