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<p>Developing multifunctional and energy-efficient materials for sustainable wastewater treatment is an important challenge. In this study, a series of MoS<sub>2</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposites was synthesised via a hydrothermal method and evaluated for their dual-mode degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light and dark conditions. Structural, morphological, and compositional properties were systematically investigated using XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM, XPS, BET, UV–Vis, UPS, EPR, and EIS analyses. The results confirmed the formation of well-coupled MoS<sub>2</sub>-1.5Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> type-II heterojunctions with increased surface area and improved electronic structures, enabling efficient charge separation. Among the samples, the MoS<sub>2</sub>-1.5Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite showed the best performance, achieving 95% MB degradation within 30&#xa0;min under visible light with a rate constant of 0.08289&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, it also removed 98% of MB at low dye concentration (10&#xa0;ppm) in the absence of light due to strong adsorption and surface-mediated reactions. Enhanced activity was attributed to improved charge transfer and reactive oxygen species generation. These results highlight the potential of MoS<sub>2</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites as low-energy, multifunctional materials for sustainable wastewater treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Light-independent dye degradation using MoS2-Bi2O3 nanocomposites: a dual-mode approach for wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Annadurai Varsha,
  • Pardhasaradhi Nandigana,
  • Subhendu K. Panda,
  • Subramanian Balasubramanian

摘要

Developing multifunctional and energy-efficient materials for sustainable wastewater treatment is an important challenge. In this study, a series of MoS2-Bi2O3 nanocomposites was synthesised via a hydrothermal method and evaluated for their dual-mode degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light and dark conditions. Structural, morphological, and compositional properties were systematically investigated using XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM, XPS, BET, UV–Vis, UPS, EPR, and EIS analyses. The results confirmed the formation of well-coupled MoS2-1.5Bi2O3 type-II heterojunctions with increased surface area and improved electronic structures, enabling efficient charge separation. Among the samples, the MoS2-1.5Bi2O3 composite showed the best performance, achieving 95% MB degradation within 30 min under visible light with a rate constant of 0.08289 min−1. Notably, it also removed 98% of MB at low dye concentration (10 ppm) in the absence of light due to strong adsorption and surface-mediated reactions. Enhanced activity was attributed to improved charge transfer and reactive oxygen species generation. These results highlight the potential of MoS2-Bi2O3 composites as low-energy, multifunctional materials for sustainable wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract