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<p>Biomass-derived biodiesel has several benefits over fossil-derived diesel. In recent years, the utilization of non-edible oil for biodiesel production has grown significantly. The work presents the process optimization study of biodiesel production via transesterification of non-edible blended oil of castor and Karanja and nano-magnetic Sr-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst using the ultrasound process. Nano-catalyst of Sr-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM &amp; EDX. The RSM-supported Box-Behnken design (BBD) optimization technique is used to optimize the process parameters, i.e. (A) Molar ratio of methanol and oil (6:1—10:1&#xa0;w/w); (B) Sr-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst loading (1.5—2.5 wt.%), and (C) reaction time (10—30&#xa0;min.). Optimum conditions of molar ratio (8:1), catalyst loading (2.15 wt. %), and reaction time (24&#xa0;min), at the constant reaction temperature of 60&#xa0;°C, produced the biodiesel yield of 98%. The activation energy for ultrasound, calculated to be 19.75&#xa0;kJ/mol, was 1.7 times lower than that of mechanical stirring. Energy studies show that biodiesel produced by an ultrasound system consumes ~95% less energy and has good physicochemical properties compared to the conventional technique. Magnetic recovery of the catalyst shows a significant reduction in post-processing time and process cost.</p>

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Ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production of blended castor and Karanja oil using nano-magnetic Sr-Fe3O4 catalyst: optimization and kinetic study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Suvik Oza,
  • Chinmay Mathur,
  • Pravin Kodgire,
  • Surendra singh Kachhwaha

摘要

Biomass-derived biodiesel has several benefits over fossil-derived diesel. In recent years, the utilization of non-edible oil for biodiesel production has grown significantly. The work presents the process optimization study of biodiesel production via transesterification of non-edible blended oil of castor and Karanja and nano-magnetic Sr-Fe3O4 catalyst using the ultrasound process. Nano-catalyst of Sr-Fe3O4 was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM & EDX. The RSM-supported Box-Behnken design (BBD) optimization technique is used to optimize the process parameters, i.e. (A) Molar ratio of methanol and oil (6:1—10:1 w/w); (B) Sr-Fe3O4 catalyst loading (1.5—2.5 wt.%), and (C) reaction time (10—30 min.). Optimum conditions of molar ratio (8:1), catalyst loading (2.15 wt. %), and reaction time (24 min), at the constant reaction temperature of 60 °C, produced the biodiesel yield of 98%. The activation energy for ultrasound, calculated to be 19.75 kJ/mol, was 1.7 times lower than that of mechanical stirring. Energy studies show that biodiesel produced by an ultrasound system consumes ~95% less energy and has good physicochemical properties compared to the conventional technique. Magnetic recovery of the catalyst shows a significant reduction in post-processing time and process cost.