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<p>This systematic review compiles data on the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), and illicit drugs in aquatic environments across Brazil. From an initial pool of 15,056 records, 45 articles were included, encompassing diverse aquatic systems such as streams, rivers, basins, reservoirs, lakes, bays, and coastal areas. The southeast region was the most represented (<i>n</i> = 22), followed by the South (<i>n</i> = 13), Central-West (<i>n</i> = 5), North (<i>n</i> = 2), and Northeast (<i>n</i> = 1). A total of 23 classes of PPCPs and illicit drugs were identified. Among pharmaceuticals, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and antibiotics were the most frequently detected. Personal care products, particularly stimulants, preservatives and antiseptics, were also prevalent, alongside illicit drugs like cocaine metabolites. Notable concentrations included sulfamethoxazole (1,980&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup> in Niterói, RJ), 17α-ethinylestradiol (48,200&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup> in the Pirajibu River, SP), and methylparaben (1,192,390&#xa0;ng L⁻<sup>1</sup> in São Paulo, SP). Two studies investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reporting the presence of genes such as <i>sul1</i> and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> at a 100% detection frequency. Methodologically, 31 studies were assessed as “moderate” quality and 14 as “low,” with concerns regarding the lack of post-exposure intervention reporting and the absence of formal data collection plans. This review highlights significant knowledge gaps concerning PPCPs, illicit drugs, and AMR in Brazil's aquatic environments. The findings underscore the critical need for systematic research to inform and guide public health and environmental policies effectively.</p>

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Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs in the aquatic environment and occurrence of the antimicrobial resistance in Brazil: a systematic review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Juliana Lemos Dal Pizzol,
  • Tainá Larissa Lubschinski,
  • Eduarda Talita Bramorski Mohr,
  • Izadora Borgmann Frizzo,
  • Izabel Galhardo Demarchi,
  • Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro,
  • Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero

摘要

This systematic review compiles data on the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), and illicit drugs in aquatic environments across Brazil. From an initial pool of 15,056 records, 45 articles were included, encompassing diverse aquatic systems such as streams, rivers, basins, reservoirs, lakes, bays, and coastal areas. The southeast region was the most represented (n = 22), followed by the South (n = 13), Central-West (n = 5), North (n = 2), and Northeast (n = 1). A total of 23 classes of PPCPs and illicit drugs were identified. Among pharmaceuticals, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and antibiotics were the most frequently detected. Personal care products, particularly stimulants, preservatives and antiseptics, were also prevalent, alongside illicit drugs like cocaine metabolites. Notable concentrations included sulfamethoxazole (1,980 ng L⁻1 in Niterói, RJ), 17α-ethinylestradiol (48,200 ng L⁻1 in the Pirajibu River, SP), and methylparaben (1,192,390 ng L⁻1 in São Paulo, SP). Two studies investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reporting the presence of genes such as sul1 and blaTEM at a 100% detection frequency. Methodologically, 31 studies were assessed as “moderate” quality and 14 as “low,” with concerns regarding the lack of post-exposure intervention reporting and the absence of formal data collection plans. This review highlights significant knowledge gaps concerning PPCPs, illicit drugs, and AMR in Brazil's aquatic environments. The findings underscore the critical need for systematic research to inform and guide public health and environmental policies effectively.