Scholarlink

<p>Alcohols are promising renewable low-carbon fuels; however, there is concern regarding the increased emission of toxic oxygenated compounds, particularly when the alcohols are fumigated into the intake manifold instead of blended with the substituted fuel. This study investigates the impact of fumigating C1 to C5 alcohols on the emission of carbonyl compounds from an automotive diesel engine operating on methanol (M), ethanol (E), butanol (Bu), and pentanol (Pe). The alcohols were used to substitute 10% and 20% of the engine’s power output under typical urban driving conditions. Exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges, followed by extraction with acetonitrile and quantification via HPLC–UV. The results indicate that both the type of alcohol and the extent of power output substitution significantly increased carbonyl emissions compared to the base fuel (B10). Specifically, M and E caused substantial increases in formaldehyde levels, with percentage increases ranging from 223 to 439% (650–1086&#xa0;mg/kWh) for M and 51–195% (303–594&#xa0;mg/kWh) for E at 10% and 20% power-output substitution, respectively. A dramatic rise in acetaldehyde emissions was observed with E, with an increase of 11,058% (2643&#xa0;mg/kWh) for E10 and 13,934% (3229&#xa0;mg/kWh) for E20. Bu, on the other hand, primarily increased emissions of butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, with increases of 2415–3312% (195–264&#xa0;mg/kWh). In addition, significant increases in acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propionaldehyde were observed. Pe, tested only at 10% power-output substitution (Pe10), resulted in a three-fold increase in acetaldehyde emissions (740&#xa0;mg/kWh) and a 370% increase in propionaldehyde (35&#xa0;mg/kWh) compared to the base fuel. Furthermore, a previously undetected aromatic carbonyl compound, p-tolualdehyde (301&#xa0;mg/kWh), was identified. The total carbonyl emissions with partial substitution of C1–C5 alcohols followed this order (in mg/kWh): E (2987–3868) &gt; Pe (1249) &gt; M (724–1147) &gt; Bu (684–761) &gt; B10 (270). These findings indicate the need for careful consideration when using energy-substituted alcohols in diesel engines, where the implementation of dedicated carbonyl-catalyst systems should also be considered to mitigate the impact of the measured emissions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Impact of C1–C5 fumigated alcohols as low-carbon diesel fuel substitutes on carbonyl emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

查看全文
  • Yina F. Jiménez-Cerón,
  • Silvana Arias,
  • María L. Botero,
  • Juan C. Casas-Zapata,
  • John R. Agudelo

摘要

Alcohols are promising renewable low-carbon fuels; however, there is concern regarding the increased emission of toxic oxygenated compounds, particularly when the alcohols are fumigated into the intake manifold instead of blended with the substituted fuel. This study investigates the impact of fumigating C1 to C5 alcohols on the emission of carbonyl compounds from an automotive diesel engine operating on methanol (M), ethanol (E), butanol (Bu), and pentanol (Pe). The alcohols were used to substitute 10% and 20% of the engine’s power output under typical urban driving conditions. Exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges, followed by extraction with acetonitrile and quantification via HPLC–UV. The results indicate that both the type of alcohol and the extent of power output substitution significantly increased carbonyl emissions compared to the base fuel (B10). Specifically, M and E caused substantial increases in formaldehyde levels, with percentage increases ranging from 223 to 439% (650–1086 mg/kWh) for M and 51–195% (303–594 mg/kWh) for E at 10% and 20% power-output substitution, respectively. A dramatic rise in acetaldehyde emissions was observed with E, with an increase of 11,058% (2643 mg/kWh) for E10 and 13,934% (3229 mg/kWh) for E20. Bu, on the other hand, primarily increased emissions of butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, with increases of 2415–3312% (195–264 mg/kWh). In addition, significant increases in acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propionaldehyde were observed. Pe, tested only at 10% power-output substitution (Pe10), resulted in a three-fold increase in acetaldehyde emissions (740 mg/kWh) and a 370% increase in propionaldehyde (35 mg/kWh) compared to the base fuel. Furthermore, a previously undetected aromatic carbonyl compound, p-tolualdehyde (301 mg/kWh), was identified. The total carbonyl emissions with partial substitution of C1–C5 alcohols followed this order (in mg/kWh): E (2987–3868) > Pe (1249) > M (724–1147) > Bu (684–761) > B10 (270). These findings indicate the need for careful consideration when using energy-substituted alcohols in diesel engines, where the implementation of dedicated carbonyl-catalyst systems should also be considered to mitigate the impact of the measured emissions.

Graphical abstract