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<p>Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud top temperature (CTT) decreased in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) during the COVID-19 lockdown in India from March 23/25 to May 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2017–2019. Aerosols, convective vigour, and moisture were pivotal in influencing the lightning flash rate (LFR) across various longitudinal belts. In the arid environment of the 70–82° E belt, coarse-mode mineral particles dominated, and LFR was low and inversely correlated with AOD. However, a fivefold increase in LFR in the 82–85° E belt was associated with the formation of deep convective clouds during the lockdown. In the 85–90° E belt, LFR declined during the lockdown but increased in 2017–2019, supporting the roles of mixed-phase processes in the dry and moist environments. AOD and aerosol extinction (AE) peaked at 0.8 and 1.5–1.6, respectively, at 88° E. In the moist environment of the 90–95° E belt, the influence of heat-absorbing aerosols diminished during the lockdown. Here, the vertical development of clouds was driven by the orography of hill ranges along the India-Myanmar border, rather than thermodynamic processes. Overall, both LFR and CTT declined with longitude due to decreased anthropogenic aerosols during the lockdown. Supporting evidence from related parameters reinforces these conclusions.</p>

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Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on zonal variability of lightning activity over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Jeni Nepolian Victor,
  • Adarsh Dube,
  • Devendraa Siingh,
  • Adarsh Kumar Kamra

摘要

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud top temperature (CTT) decreased in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) during the COVID-19 lockdown in India from March 23/25 to May 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2017–2019. Aerosols, convective vigour, and moisture were pivotal in influencing the lightning flash rate (LFR) across various longitudinal belts. In the arid environment of the 70–82° E belt, coarse-mode mineral particles dominated, and LFR was low and inversely correlated with AOD. However, a fivefold increase in LFR in the 82–85° E belt was associated with the formation of deep convective clouds during the lockdown. In the 85–90° E belt, LFR declined during the lockdown but increased in 2017–2019, supporting the roles of mixed-phase processes in the dry and moist environments. AOD and aerosol extinction (AE) peaked at 0.8 and 1.5–1.6, respectively, at 88° E. In the moist environment of the 90–95° E belt, the influence of heat-absorbing aerosols diminished during the lockdown. Here, the vertical development of clouds was driven by the orography of hill ranges along the India-Myanmar border, rather than thermodynamic processes. Overall, both LFR and CTT declined with longitude due to decreased anthropogenic aerosols during the lockdown. Supporting evidence from related parameters reinforces these conclusions.