<p>The ecological functions of freshwater burrowing bivalves have a considerable effect on the abundance and community composition of other benthic macroinvertebrates, particularly in rivers and lakes. However, bivalve functions in anthropogenic ditches remain poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the associations between bivalves and other macroinvertebrates in a modern agricultural ditch with concrete lining. The live individual density and shell area of bivalves, taxon richness and density of macroinvertebrates, and environmental conditions were determined. Bayesian models, including a spatial random effect generated via the quadrat arrangement, were used to fit the data. Two bivalve taxa were collected: the Unionoida bivalve <i>Pronodularia japanensis</i> and Asian clams in the genus <i>Corbicula</i>. Regarding <i>P. japanensis</i>, the model results demonstrated that both the total macroinvertebrate and worm densities were positively associated with the live bivalve density. The total macroinvertebrate density was also positively associated with the total area of live and dead shells. In <i>Corbicula</i> bivalves, the macroinvertebrate taxon richness was negatively associated with the live bivalve density. These bivalve variables were more important predictors than physical environmental variables. Spatial autocorrelation is estimated to affect the associations among bivalves, macroinvertebrates, and physical environments. The results of the present study suggest that conserving endangered Unionoida bivalves and managing the invasion and expansion of non-native <i>Corbicula</i> bivalves in ditches are needed to conserve biodiversity in ditches.</p>