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Background <p>To enable systematic characterization under controlled laboratory conditions, inert surrogate materials have been developed to reproduce the key thermomechanical response of PBXs without the associated energetic hazards. Among these surrogates, idoxuridine (IDOX) has emerged as effective replacements, providing comparable mechanical and thermal properties and facilitating investigations across granular, mesoscale, and continuum length scales.</p> Objective <p>This work provides detailed experimental data on the structural evolution of an idoxuridine (IDOX)/Estane bonded granular composite, serving as a surrogate for PBX under deformation. The findings support the calibration and validation of direct numerical simulations (DNS) focused on microstructural changes for improved computational modeling of bonded granular composites.</p> Methods <p>X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to capture the internal microstructure of the IDOX/Estane granular composite for finite element modeling. Cylindrical specimens were subjected to both quasi-static and high strain-rate compression. Under quasi-static loading, volumetric imaging was used to track internal granular evolution, while digital image correlation (DIC) measured surface deformations. High strain-rate behavior was characterized by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), paired with high-speed imaging and DIC analysis.</p> Results <p>DIC provided full-field surface deformation measurements during quasi-static and high strain-rate compression. The surface deformations as measured by DIC under quasi-static loading were compared with DNS data for assessment. In-situ quasi-static µCT experiments revealed the evolution of internal granular structure and damage, including microcrack initiation, propagation, and macro-fracture. High-strain rate experiments captured the surface strain localization in the IDOX/Estane composite cylinder.</p> Conclusion <p>This experimental work bridges laboratory observations with computational modeling to advance the understanding of PBX-like materials under mechanical stresses and to support the development of efficient predictive models for bounded granular composite behavior.</p>

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Characterization of IDOX/Estane Particulate Composites Using X-Ray Computed Tomography and Surface Deformation Measurements under Compression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • P.B. Javadzadeh,
  • S.R. Runnels,
  • M. Tayefeh Kazemi,
  • Y. Ren,
  • T. Martinez,
  • N.E. Peterson,
  • A.J. Clarke,
  • R.A. Regueiro,
  • B. Song,
  • H. Lu

摘要

Background

To enable systematic characterization under controlled laboratory conditions, inert surrogate materials have been developed to reproduce the key thermomechanical response of PBXs without the associated energetic hazards. Among these surrogates, idoxuridine (IDOX) has emerged as effective replacements, providing comparable mechanical and thermal properties and facilitating investigations across granular, mesoscale, and continuum length scales.

Objective

This work provides detailed experimental data on the structural evolution of an idoxuridine (IDOX)/Estane bonded granular composite, serving as a surrogate for PBX under deformation. The findings support the calibration and validation of direct numerical simulations (DNS) focused on microstructural changes for improved computational modeling of bonded granular composites.

Methods

X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to capture the internal microstructure of the IDOX/Estane granular composite for finite element modeling. Cylindrical specimens were subjected to both quasi-static and high strain-rate compression. Under quasi-static loading, volumetric imaging was used to track internal granular evolution, while digital image correlation (DIC) measured surface deformations. High strain-rate behavior was characterized by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), paired with high-speed imaging and DIC analysis.

Results

DIC provided full-field surface deformation measurements during quasi-static and high strain-rate compression. The surface deformations as measured by DIC under quasi-static loading were compared with DNS data for assessment. In-situ quasi-static µCT experiments revealed the evolution of internal granular structure and damage, including microcrack initiation, propagation, and macro-fracture. High-strain rate experiments captured the surface strain localization in the IDOX/Estane composite cylinder.

Conclusion

This experimental work bridges laboratory observations with computational modeling to advance the understanding of PBX-like materials under mechanical stresses and to support the development of efficient predictive models for bounded granular composite behavior.