Introduction <p>Self-efficacy is a key element in empowering individuals to initiate and maintain health behaviours including physical activity and exercise. There is a considerable volume of published literature in this research area, and for healthy persons, it has yet to be charted. This systematic evidence map offers the first comprehensive overview over the empirical publications in this field.</p> Methods <p>We searched the databases Medline (via PubMed) and PsycINFO (via EbscoHost) using the search terms ‘self-efficacy’ and any of the terms ‘sport’ and ‘exercise’ in titles and abstracts. We included all empirical studies published 1983–2022 that measured self-efficacy in relation to exercise behaviour. This systematic evidence map includes all studies on healthy humans. We extracted the data points authors, title, year, sample size (<i>N</i>), age groups, target group(s), surveyed sport and method of measuring self-efficacy and created a systematic evidence map in the form of several graphs and a data table.</p> Results <p>The number of yearly published studies increased from 1–7 per year in the 1980s to 81 at the highest point in 2020. The represented age groups were relatively equal (39–53%, multiple age groups per paper possible), except for the youngest age group of &lt; 15 being underrepresented (16%). The biggest target group (29%) was the general population and the rest splits into highly specific sociodemographic subgroups. Most studies (71%) do not focus on a specific sport. We found 212 individually named instruments measuring self-efficacy, with 44% of the publications utilising validated scales.</p> Discussion <p>This paper constitutes the first comprehensive overview over the published empirical research on self-efficacy in exercise behaviour in healthy individuals in the form of a systematic evidence map. The literature was as expansive as anticipated. Apart from the high total number of included studies, there was a considerable list of individual scales, many different types of sport the individual studies focused on, and highly branched target groups. Future research should evaluate studies’ outcomes and focus on underrepresented target groups and the underrepresented youngest age group. Zeroing in on methodological questions, future research should examine strength of evidence and the robustness and comparability of self-efficacy scales between different target groups.</p> <p>Registered under <a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VMTYP">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VMTYP</a>.</p>