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Background/objectives <p>Physical activity (PA), defined in this study as self-reported usual leisure-time exercise and/or routine occupational activity sufficient to approximate guideline-level moderate-intensity activity, is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and is associated with health-related quality of life (QoL). In Romania, where cardiovascular risk-factor burden remains high and data on patient-reported outcomes in cardiology populations are limited, the relationship between PA and QoL requires further study. This study examined associations between PA and QoL in Romanian cardiology outpatients, quantified adherence to PA recommendations, and identified predictors of achieving recommended PA levels.</p> Methods <p>In this cross-sectional study, 400 adult cardiology outpatients, defined as non-hospitalized patients attending routine ambulatory cardiology consultations, with CVD or major cardiovascular risk factors, completed the WHOQOL-BREF and a study-specific structured self-report PA classification tool at a cardiology clinic in Timișoara, Romania. Participants were categorized into three PA groups: inactive (G1; no planned exercise and predominantly sedentary behavior), insufficiently active (G2; some activity but &lt; 150&#xa0;min/week moderate-equivalent activity), and active (G3; ≥ 150&#xa0;min/week moderate-equivalent activity or qualifying physically demanding occupational activity). QoL scores were compared using regression models adjusted for age, sex, education level, and BMI class. Predictors of meeting the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) PA recommendation were assessed using logistic regression.</p> Results <p>Overall, 24.8% of patients met the ESC PA recommendation. Compared with inactive patients, active patients had significantly higher adjusted QoL scores in the overall (<i>β</i> = 6.0, <i>p</i> = 0.001), physical (<i>β</i> = 10.3, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and psychological (<i>β</i> = 6.0, <i>p</i> = 0.003) domains. In multivariable logistic regression, obesity and heart failure were associated with lower odds of meeting the ESC PA recommendation, whereas age, modeled per 10&#xa0;year increase, was not independently associated with guideline adherence. Childhood sport participation was associated with higher odds of meeting the adult ESC PA recommendation.</p> Conclusions <p>In Romanian cardiology outpatients, meeting PA recommendations was independently associated with better overall, physical, and psychological QoL. These findings support the need for prospective studies and targeted PA promotion strategies addressing modifiable barriers in Romanian cardiology care.</p>

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Associations between physical activity and quality of life in Romanian cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Andreea Dumitrescu,
  • Svetlana Mosteoru,
  • Dan Gaita,
  • Septimiu Susa,
  • Norberth-Istvan Varga,
  • Nicoleta Mirica

摘要

Background/objectives

Physical activity (PA), defined in this study as self-reported usual leisure-time exercise and/or routine occupational activity sufficient to approximate guideline-level moderate-intensity activity, is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and is associated with health-related quality of life (QoL). In Romania, where cardiovascular risk-factor burden remains high and data on patient-reported outcomes in cardiology populations are limited, the relationship between PA and QoL requires further study. This study examined associations between PA and QoL in Romanian cardiology outpatients, quantified adherence to PA recommendations, and identified predictors of achieving recommended PA levels.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 400 adult cardiology outpatients, defined as non-hospitalized patients attending routine ambulatory cardiology consultations, with CVD or major cardiovascular risk factors, completed the WHOQOL-BREF and a study-specific structured self-report PA classification tool at a cardiology clinic in Timișoara, Romania. Participants were categorized into three PA groups: inactive (G1; no planned exercise and predominantly sedentary behavior), insufficiently active (G2; some activity but < 150 min/week moderate-equivalent activity), and active (G3; ≥ 150 min/week moderate-equivalent activity or qualifying physically demanding occupational activity). QoL scores were compared using regression models adjusted for age, sex, education level, and BMI class. Predictors of meeting the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) PA recommendation were assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 24.8% of patients met the ESC PA recommendation. Compared with inactive patients, active patients had significantly higher adjusted QoL scores in the overall (β = 6.0, p = 0.001), physical (β = 10.3, p < 0.001), and psychological (β = 6.0, p = 0.003) domains. In multivariable logistic regression, obesity and heart failure were associated with lower odds of meeting the ESC PA recommendation, whereas age, modeled per 10 year increase, was not independently associated with guideline adherence. Childhood sport participation was associated with higher odds of meeting the adult ESC PA recommendation.

Conclusions

In Romanian cardiology outpatients, meeting PA recommendations was independently associated with better overall, physical, and psychological QoL. These findings support the need for prospective studies and targeted PA promotion strategies addressing modifiable barriers in Romanian cardiology care.