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Objective <p>To analyze cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals and its relationships with physical activity, heart rate variability, and metabolic-psychological factors.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional study including 59 hypertensive participants allocated into three groups according to their level of physical activity: hysically active (AT), Irregularly active (IA), and sedentary (SDT). Analyses included assessment of heart rate variability, biochemical parameters, sleep quality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, cardiovascular risk, and renal function.</p> Results <p>The main findings demonstrated that physically active individuals presented greater parasympathetic modulation (<i>p</i> = 0.027), whereas sedentary participants exhibited sympathetic predominance (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and a higher LF/HF ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.025), suggesting an imbalance in sympathovagal balance. A correlation was also observed between higher levels of physical activity and lower autonomic imbalance (<i>r</i> = -0.327; <i>p</i> = 0.011), as well as associations between cardiac stress index and cardiovascular risk (<i>r</i> = 0.294; <i>p</i> = 0.023), anxiety levels (<i>r</i> = 0.258; <i>p</i> = 0.048), total cholesterol and renal function (<i>r</i> = -0.260; <i>p</i> = 0.046). The remaining variables showed no statistically significant differences.</p> Conclusion <p>Physically active hypertensive individuals presented &#xa0; a better&#xa0;cardiac&#xa0;autonomic modulation and, consequently, lower cardiovascular risk.</p>

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Cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals: relationships between physical activity, heart rate variability, and metabolic–psychological factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Karina Hellen de Souza de Oliveira,
  • Lucas Miquéias Silva Abreu,
  • Michele Brito Correia,
  • Manuelly Estefanny Vieira Pereira,
  • Felipe Bispo Ribeiro Júnior,
  • James Carlos Pereira Gomes,
  • Antonio Bernardino Braga Neto,
  • Emeson Carlos Pimenta Meneses,
  • Gilvano Sousa Nunes,
  • Augusto Ribeiro de Oliveira,
  • Micaella Lima Costa Chagas,
  • Elaynny Layla Castro de Oliveira,
  • Carlos Alberto Alves Dias Filho,
  • Herikson Araujo Costa,
  • Carlos José Moraes Dias

摘要

Objective

To analyze cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals and its relationships with physical activity, heart rate variability, and metabolic-psychological factors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study including 59 hypertensive participants allocated into three groups according to their level of physical activity: hysically active (AT), Irregularly active (IA), and sedentary (SDT). Analyses included assessment of heart rate variability, biochemical parameters, sleep quality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, cardiovascular risk, and renal function.

Results

The main findings demonstrated that physically active individuals presented greater parasympathetic modulation (p = 0.027), whereas sedentary participants exhibited sympathetic predominance (p = 0.022) and a higher LF/HF ratio (p = 0.025), suggesting an imbalance in sympathovagal balance. A correlation was also observed between higher levels of physical activity and lower autonomic imbalance (r = -0.327; p = 0.011), as well as associations between cardiac stress index and cardiovascular risk (r = 0.294; p = 0.023), anxiety levels (r = 0.258; p = 0.048), total cholesterol and renal function (r = -0.260; p = 0.046). The remaining variables showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

Physically active hypertensive individuals presented   a better cardiac autonomic modulation and, consequently, lower cardiovascular risk.