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Purpose <p>The schoolbag is an important risk indicator implicated in the increased prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders <b>(</b>MSD) found among high school students in many nations in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ergonomic intervention based on the 8-phase PRECEDE-PROCEED model and simultaneous training of students, parents, and teachers to tackle the high prevalence of MSD in female students aged 12–15 years.</p> Methods <p>Recruitment took place in four schools in Kavar, Iran: two schools were the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 100), and two schools were the control group (<i>n</i> = 100). Data regarding schoolbag, predisposing factors, behavioral risk indicators, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were collected at baseline, 3 months (follow-up1) and 6 months (follow-up2) after the intervention.</p> Results <p>There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge, attitude, enabling resources, and behavioral risks associated with schoolbag use at follow-up1 and follow-up2. Compared to baseline, the intervention group exhibited significant differences in the prevalence of neck and low-back MSD at follow-up2, and in pain intensity at follow-up1 and follow-up2.</p> Conclusion <p>The ergonomic intervention was successful in promoting behaviors to prevent MSD among students. This approach warrants further attention as a means of ameliorating risks for MSD associated with schoolbag use.</p>

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Effectiveness of a multimodal ergonomic educational intervention to prevent musculoskeletal disorders associated with schoolbag use in female high school students

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Mahin Nazari,
  • Rokhsareh Beigi,
  • Vida Sadat Anoosheh,
  • Mohmood Salesi,
  • Rosanna Cousins,
  • Hamidreza Mokarami

摘要

Purpose

The schoolbag is an important risk indicator implicated in the increased prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) found among high school students in many nations in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ergonomic intervention based on the 8-phase PRECEDE-PROCEED model and simultaneous training of students, parents, and teachers to tackle the high prevalence of MSD in female students aged 12–15 years.

Methods

Recruitment took place in four schools in Kavar, Iran: two schools were the intervention group (n = 100), and two schools were the control group (n = 100). Data regarding schoolbag, predisposing factors, behavioral risk indicators, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were collected at baseline, 3 months (follow-up1) and 6 months (follow-up2) after the intervention.

Results

There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge, attitude, enabling resources, and behavioral risks associated with schoolbag use at follow-up1 and follow-up2. Compared to baseline, the intervention group exhibited significant differences in the prevalence of neck and low-back MSD at follow-up2, and in pain intensity at follow-up1 and follow-up2.

Conclusion

The ergonomic intervention was successful in promoting behaviors to prevent MSD among students. This approach warrants further attention as a means of ameliorating risks for MSD associated with schoolbag use.