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Purpose <p>This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in athletes, focusing on its pathophysiology, triggers, diagnostic approaches, and management. It highlights the distinction between EIB with asthma (EIBa) and without asthma (EIBwa), addressing the implications for athletic performance and respiratory health.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1997 and the present, with emphasis on recent findings. Search terms included “exercise-induced bronchoconstriction”, “athletes”, “airway hyperresponsiveness”, “endurance sports”, and “diagnosis of EIB”. Studies in english that examined the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, triggers, and management of EIB in athletic populations were included. Reviews, clinical trials, and original research articles were considered. Animal studies and in vitro data were excluded. A qualitative synthesis was performed.</p> Results <p>Out of 117 identified records, 73 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies revealed that EIB results from a complex interplay of environmental and physiological factors such as cold air, high ventilation rates, and irritant exposure. Endurance athletes, particularly swimmers, are at increased risk. EIB involves parasympathetic activation and airway inflammation, often leading to epithelial damage and airway remodeling. Accurate diagnosis using tests like EVH and ECT is essential to differentiate between EIBa and EIBwa.</p> Conclusion <p>Understanding EIB’s underlying mechanisms and diagnostic tools is essential for timely intervention. Improved awareness can help optimize treatment strategies, preserve athletic performance, and prevent long-term airway damage.</p>

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Environmental stressors and airway health: understanding exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Paulina Tymińska,
  • Natalia Kawka,
  • Julia Frączek,
  • Karolina Borówka,
  • Szymon Domagała,
  • Grzegorz Machnik

摘要

Purpose

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in athletes, focusing on its pathophysiology, triggers, diagnostic approaches, and management. It highlights the distinction between EIB with asthma (EIBa) and without asthma (EIBwa), addressing the implications for athletic performance and respiratory health.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1997 and the present, with emphasis on recent findings. Search terms included “exercise-induced bronchoconstriction”, “athletes”, “airway hyperresponsiveness”, “endurance sports”, and “diagnosis of EIB”. Studies in english that examined the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, triggers, and management of EIB in athletic populations were included. Reviews, clinical trials, and original research articles were considered. Animal studies and in vitro data were excluded. A qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results

Out of 117 identified records, 73 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies revealed that EIB results from a complex interplay of environmental and physiological factors such as cold air, high ventilation rates, and irritant exposure. Endurance athletes, particularly swimmers, are at increased risk. EIB involves parasympathetic activation and airway inflammation, often leading to epithelial damage and airway remodeling. Accurate diagnosis using tests like EVH and ECT is essential to differentiate between EIBa and EIBwa.

Conclusion

Understanding EIB’s underlying mechanisms and diagnostic tools is essential for timely intervention. Improved awareness can help optimize treatment strategies, preserve athletic performance, and prevent long-term airway damage.