<p>Physical training can induce muscle damage, with oxidative stress significantly contributing to this process. While antioxidants potentially mitigate such exercise-induced damage, their efficacy remains debated. This review synthesizes the molecular mechanisms behind exercise-induced muscle damage, the role of antioxidants in skeletal muscle, and current clinical evidence on antioxidant supplementation in athletes. A literature search identified studies on the molecular underpinnings of muscle damage, antioxidant defense systems, and the impact of antioxidant supplements on damage prevention and performance. Findings indicate that exercise-induced damage involves mechanical stress, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Skeletal muscles have a robust antioxidant defense system that can be enhanced by exercise. Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, shows mixed results in preventing damage and enhancing performance. Effectiveness depends on factors like antioxidant type and dosage, exercise nature and intensity, and individual characteristics. In conclusion, although antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating muscle damage, clinical evidence for their supplementation in athletes is inconclusive. Future research should explore personalized supplementation strategies, novel formulations, and long-term effects on muscle health and performance. Understanding optimal antioxidant use can aid in developing strategies to minimize damage and enhance recovery in athletes.</p>