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Aim <p>The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of auditory stimulation (increasing, decreasing, and constant) on the absolute and relative strength of selected muscles and some physiological indices.</p> Methods <p>The participants consisted of 30 male soldiers (mean age = 24.3 ± 4.1&#xa0;years, mean BMI = 23.5 ± 1.8&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>) recruited from the Southern Army Base. Inclusion criteria required participants to be physically active military personnel with no history of musculoskeletal injuries, neurological disorders, or hearing impairments within the past six months. The absolute and relative muscle strengths of wrist flexors, spinal extensors, and hamstring muscles were evaluated under four auditory stimulation conditions: increasing pattern, decreasing pattern, constant pattern, and control conditions (no stimulus receiveEach auditory intervention was implemented in a separate session, totaling four sessions (with a 48-h interval between each session). In each session, after each intervention, the participants’ blood pressure, blood oxygen level, and heart rate were measured. Additionally, heart rate and blood oxygen level were measured up to three minutes after the intervention (once every 30&#xa0;s). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test.</p> Results <p>The results indicated that in all three muscle groups (wrist flexors, spinal extensors, and hamstring muscles), the absolute and relative strengths of the participants under the increasing stimulation condition were significantly higher than in the other conditions (decreasing, constant, and control) (p &lt; 0.05, 0.3 &lt; ESs &lt; 0.8). Only in the wrist flexors group was the performance of individuals under decreasing and constant auditory stimulation conditions better than the control group. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in any of the physiological indices including heart rate (p = 0.153, Eta Squared = 0.053), blood oxygen level (p = 0.707, Eta Squared = 0.012), and blood pressure (p = 0.839, Eta Squared = 0.007) among different auditory stimulation conditions, although individuals’ heart rate three minutes after the intervention under the increasing stimulation condition was significantly lower than under the control conditions.</p> Conclusion <p>According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that in order to achieve a higher level of strength during tasks requiring maximum strength, increasing auditory stimulation should be utilized.</p>

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The effect of auditory stimulation on absolute and relative strength of selected muscles and some physiological indicators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Raziyeh Safari,
  • Rasool Abedanzadeh,
  • Hesam Ramezanzade

摘要

Aim

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of auditory stimulation (increasing, decreasing, and constant) on the absolute and relative strength of selected muscles and some physiological indices.

Methods

The participants consisted of 30 male soldiers (mean age = 24.3 ± 4.1 years, mean BMI = 23.5 ± 1.8 kg/m2) recruited from the Southern Army Base. Inclusion criteria required participants to be physically active military personnel with no history of musculoskeletal injuries, neurological disorders, or hearing impairments within the past six months. The absolute and relative muscle strengths of wrist flexors, spinal extensors, and hamstring muscles were evaluated under four auditory stimulation conditions: increasing pattern, decreasing pattern, constant pattern, and control conditions (no stimulus receiveEach auditory intervention was implemented in a separate session, totaling four sessions (with a 48-h interval between each session). In each session, after each intervention, the participants’ blood pressure, blood oxygen level, and heart rate were measured. Additionally, heart rate and blood oxygen level were measured up to three minutes after the intervention (once every 30 s). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test.

Results

The results indicated that in all three muscle groups (wrist flexors, spinal extensors, and hamstring muscles), the absolute and relative strengths of the participants under the increasing stimulation condition were significantly higher than in the other conditions (decreasing, constant, and control) (p < 0.05, 0.3 < ESs < 0.8). Only in the wrist flexors group was the performance of individuals under decreasing and constant auditory stimulation conditions better than the control group. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in any of the physiological indices including heart rate (p = 0.153, Eta Squared = 0.053), blood oxygen level (p = 0.707, Eta Squared = 0.012), and blood pressure (p = 0.839, Eta Squared = 0.007) among different auditory stimulation conditions, although individuals’ heart rate three minutes after the intervention under the increasing stimulation condition was significantly lower than under the control conditions.

Conclusion

According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that in order to achieve a higher level of strength during tasks requiring maximum strength, increasing auditory stimulation should be utilized.