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Purpose <p>The relationship between post-exercise inflammation and menstrual cycle (MC) phases in female athletes is poorly understood. This study assessed recovery, measured via high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), after game days in recreational female athletes and whether it differed by MC phase.</p> Methods <p>Nineteen participants provided demographic and MC data and underwent point-of-care blood testing for hs-CRP on game day (GD) −&#xa0;1, + 1, + 2, and + 3 on two occasions (<i>n</i> = 119 data collection days). Four MC phases were estimated using ovulation tests and self-reported bleed data. Random-effects regression models examined associations between GD and hs-CRP, and possible interactions between GD and MC. Backwards stepwise regression included the covariates; age, sport type, fatigue level, minutes played, MC symptoms, and BMI.</p> Results <p>Compared to baseline (GD-1), hs-CRP was 25.0% (95% confidence interval:12.49,37.45) higher on GD + 1, 10.83% (−&#xa0;1.66,23.31) higher on GD + 2 and returned to baseline by GD + 3 (−&#xa0;3.20%(−&#xa0;15.78,9.39)). Results were robust in adjusted models. A significant interaction between gameday and MC phase on hs-CRP revealed a 62.9% larger GD + 1 peak (40.31, 85.66) than GD-1 during the late luteal (LL) phase.</p> Conclusion <p>Hs-CRP peaked on GD + 1, remained elevated on GD + 2, returned to baseline by GD + 3, with evidence suggesting inflammation was higher on GD + 1 in the LL phase.</p>

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The recovery process across the menstrual cycle in recreational female athletes: a prospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • E. Nygaard Parsons,
  • J. J. Mitchell,
  • N. Mallon,
  • G. Bruinvels,
  • J. M. Blodgett

摘要

Purpose

The relationship between post-exercise inflammation and menstrual cycle (MC) phases in female athletes is poorly understood. This study assessed recovery, measured via high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), after game days in recreational female athletes and whether it differed by MC phase.

Methods

Nineteen participants provided demographic and MC data and underwent point-of-care blood testing for hs-CRP on game day (GD) − 1, + 1, + 2, and + 3 on two occasions (n = 119 data collection days). Four MC phases were estimated using ovulation tests and self-reported bleed data. Random-effects regression models examined associations between GD and hs-CRP, and possible interactions between GD and MC. Backwards stepwise regression included the covariates; age, sport type, fatigue level, minutes played, MC symptoms, and BMI.

Results

Compared to baseline (GD-1), hs-CRP was 25.0% (95% confidence interval:12.49,37.45) higher on GD + 1, 10.83% (− 1.66,23.31) higher on GD + 2 and returned to baseline by GD + 3 (− 3.20%(− 15.78,9.39)). Results were robust in adjusted models. A significant interaction between gameday and MC phase on hs-CRP revealed a 62.9% larger GD + 1 peak (40.31, 85.66) than GD-1 during the late luteal (LL) phase.

Conclusion

Hs-CRP peaked on GD + 1, remained elevated on GD + 2, returned to baseline by GD + 3, with evidence suggesting inflammation was higher on GD + 1 in the LL phase.