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Background <p>Ammonia inhalation is used in strength sports to enhance performance; however, its effects remain unclear.</p> Objectives <p>This study investigated its impact on maximal bench press performance, salivary cortisol levels, and heart rate variability (HRV).</p> Methods <p>Twenty resistance-trained males (26 ± 5&#xa0;years, 1.80 ± 0.06&#xa0;m, 90.1 ± 9.3&#xa0;kg) completed a randomized, single-blind crossover trial involving ammonia inhalation or a placebo. Each session included a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press test, with mean concentric velocity (MCV) and power output recorded via inertial measurement. Salivary cortisol samples were collected pre- and post-test, and HRV was measured.</p> Results <p>No significant differences were observed between the ammonia and placebo conditions for 1-RM, MCV, power output, or cortisol responses (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.181, ηp2 ≤ 0.02). However, HRV root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) showed a significant time x condition interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.020, ηp2 = 0.31), indicating greater parasympathetic activity post-exercise in the ammonia condition.</p> Conclusion <p>Ammonia inhalation did not enhance bench press performance but affected post-exercise autonomic responses. Further research is needed to explore individual variability and underlying mechanisms.</p>

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The effects of acute ammonia inhalation on salivary cortisol concentration and bench press performance: a randomized, single-blind crossover trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • Simon Gavanda,
  • Felix Wehner,
  • Eduard Isenmann,
  • Stephan Geisler,
  • Sylvain Laborde,
  • Steffen Held

摘要

Background

Ammonia inhalation is used in strength sports to enhance performance; however, its effects remain unclear.

Objectives

This study investigated its impact on maximal bench press performance, salivary cortisol levels, and heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods

Twenty resistance-trained males (26 ± 5 years, 1.80 ± 0.06 m, 90.1 ± 9.3 kg) completed a randomized, single-blind crossover trial involving ammonia inhalation or a placebo. Each session included a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press test, with mean concentric velocity (MCV) and power output recorded via inertial measurement. Salivary cortisol samples were collected pre- and post-test, and HRV was measured.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the ammonia and placebo conditions for 1-RM, MCV, power output, or cortisol responses (p ≥ 0.181, ηp2 ≤ 0.02). However, HRV root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) showed a significant time x condition interaction (p = 0.020, ηp2 = 0.31), indicating greater parasympathetic activity post-exercise in the ammonia condition.

Conclusion

Ammonia inhalation did not enhance bench press performance but affected post-exercise autonomic responses. Further research is needed to explore individual variability and underlying mechanisms.