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Objectives <p>To examine the association between external and internal loads encountered during training and games and sleep duration and quality in adult, semi-professional, female basketball players.</p> Design <p>An exploratory, observational, longitudinal study.</p> Methods <p>Seven players from the same team had their external (PlayerLoad [PL] and relative PL [PL·min<sup>−1</sup>]) and internal load (session-rating of perceived exertion-load [sRPE-load] and percentage of heart rate peak [%HR<sub>peak</sub>]) monitored across pre-season training, in-season training, and games during an entire season. Sleep duration (total sleep time [TST]) and quality (sleep efficiency [SE] and wake after sleep onset [WASO]) were monitored each night using wrist-worn activity monitors. External and internal loads were grouped according to session type as pre-season training, in-season training, and games. The sleep data were grouped as nights immediately following pre-season training, in-season training, or games. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analyses.</p> Results <p>A significant association was observed between external game loads (PL and PL·min<sup>−1</sup>) and WASO on nights following games (PL: <i>β</i> = −&#xa0;0.003, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = −&#xa0;0.005, −&#xa0;0.002, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; PL·min<sup>−1</sup>: <i>β</i> = −&#xa0;0.266, 95% CI = −&#xa0;0.416, −&#xa0;0.115, <i>p</i> = 0.001). No other significant associations were found between external and internal load and sleep variables.</p> Conclusions <p>While these findings indicate higher external loads during games may partially contribute to lower WASO, these relationships were relatively weak in magnitude with the loads encountered during training and games predominantly lacking associations with sleep among adult, semi-professional, female basketball players.</p>

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A preliminary analysis of the associations between external and internal load and sleep variables in a semi-professional, female basketball team

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Cody J. Power,
  • Jordan L. Fox,
  • Steven J. Bowe,
  • Vincent J. Dalbo,
  • Aaron T. Scanlan

摘要

Objectives

To examine the association between external and internal loads encountered during training and games and sleep duration and quality in adult, semi-professional, female basketball players.

Design

An exploratory, observational, longitudinal study.

Methods

Seven players from the same team had their external (PlayerLoad [PL] and relative PL [PL·min−1]) and internal load (session-rating of perceived exertion-load [sRPE-load] and percentage of heart rate peak [%HRpeak]) monitored across pre-season training, in-season training, and games during an entire season. Sleep duration (total sleep time [TST]) and quality (sleep efficiency [SE] and wake after sleep onset [WASO]) were monitored each night using wrist-worn activity monitors. External and internal loads were grouped according to session type as pre-season training, in-season training, and games. The sleep data were grouped as nights immediately following pre-season training, in-season training, or games. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analyses.

Results

A significant association was observed between external game loads (PL and PL·min−1) and WASO on nights following games (PL: β = − 0.003, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = − 0.005, − 0.002, p < 0.001; PL·min−1: β = − 0.266, 95% CI = − 0.416, − 0.115, p = 0.001). No other significant associations were found between external and internal load and sleep variables.

Conclusions

While these findings indicate higher external loads during games may partially contribute to lower WASO, these relationships were relatively weak in magnitude with the loads encountered during training and games predominantly lacking associations with sleep among adult, semi-professional, female basketball players.