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Background <p>In Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), many athletes undergo a process of rapid body mass reduction in the days before a competition. This process, often involving severe caloric and fluid restriction, can impose significant physiological and psychological stress, potentially disrupting athletes’ sleep quality. </p> Aim <p>To investigate the effects of rapid weight loss on sleep in BJJ athletes.</p> Methods <p>12 male BJJ athletes were allocated into weight loss group (WLG) (<i>n</i> = 4) and control group (CG) (<i>n</i> = 8) to monitor body mass, self-reported sleep quality, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a period including preparation for a competition. Evaluations were conducted at three time points: baseline (7 to 14&#xa0;days before the competition), competition day (prior to weigh-in), and post-competition recovery period (7 to 10&#xa0;days after the event). </p> Results <p>A mean reduction of 5.4% (−2.6 to −10.4%) in body mass was observed in WLG between baseline and weigh-in, with no relevant changes in CG. In addition, there was worsening in self-reported sleep quality in both groups (CG and WLG), expressed by a decrease in a percentage of athletes who rated their sleep quality as good or regular at baseline and an increase in classifications of poor sleep quality at weigh-in. However, in the final assessment, self-reported sleep quality worsened in both groups (CG and WLG) during the weigh-in period, characterized by a shift from ‘good’ or ‘regular’ to ‘poor’ classifications. This decline was followed by an improvement in both groups during the final assessment. Conversely, PSQI scores remained stable across all time points for both groups. </p> Conclusions <p>During the pre-competition period, disturbances in self-reported sleep quality were observed in BJJ athletes, irrespective of rapid weight loss. This finding, alongside the stable PSQI scores, suggests that subjective perception of sleep quality may be more susceptible to competitive stress than broader sleep patterns assessed by PSQI. </p>

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Effects of rapid weight loss on sleep in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes: a pilot study with a case series

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • João Carlos Alves Bueno,
  • Rodrigo Batalha Silva,
  • Miguel Alencar Flores,
  • Leonardo Vidal Andreato,
  • Alexandro Andrade

摘要

Background

In Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), many athletes undergo a process of rapid body mass reduction in the days before a competition. This process, often involving severe caloric and fluid restriction, can impose significant physiological and psychological stress, potentially disrupting athletes’ sleep quality.

Aim

To investigate the effects of rapid weight loss on sleep in BJJ athletes.

Methods

12 male BJJ athletes were allocated into weight loss group (WLG) (n = 4) and control group (CG) (n = 8) to monitor body mass, self-reported sleep quality, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a period including preparation for a competition. Evaluations were conducted at three time points: baseline (7 to 14 days before the competition), competition day (prior to weigh-in), and post-competition recovery period (7 to 10 days after the event).

Results

A mean reduction of 5.4% (−2.6 to −10.4%) in body mass was observed in WLG between baseline and weigh-in, with no relevant changes in CG. In addition, there was worsening in self-reported sleep quality in both groups (CG and WLG), expressed by a decrease in a percentage of athletes who rated their sleep quality as good or regular at baseline and an increase in classifications of poor sleep quality at weigh-in. However, in the final assessment, self-reported sleep quality worsened in both groups (CG and WLG) during the weigh-in period, characterized by a shift from ‘good’ or ‘regular’ to ‘poor’ classifications. This decline was followed by an improvement in both groups during the final assessment. Conversely, PSQI scores remained stable across all time points for both groups.

Conclusions

During the pre-competition period, disturbances in self-reported sleep quality were observed in BJJ athletes, irrespective of rapid weight loss. This finding, alongside the stable PSQI scores, suggests that subjective perception of sleep quality may be more susceptible to competitive stress than broader sleep patterns assessed by PSQI.