Purpose <p>We investigated the categorical agreement between actual and estimated force–velocity–power (FVP) profiles (i.e., force deficit, velocity deficit, and balanced profile). Complementarily, we compared the FVP output metric (<i>i.e.,</i> F<sub>0</sub>, V<sub>0</sub>, P<sub>max</sub>, and S<sub>FV</sub>) to identify potential sources of error.</p> Methods <p>Following familiarization, 37 athletes (mean age 26&#xa0;years; 95% CI: 24–27) completed a loaded squat jump protocol using 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their body mass on a force plate. FVP profiles were derived from both force–time data and estimated inputs (<i>i.e.,</i> body mass, jump height, and push-off distance) using Samozino’s method. Cohen’s Kappa (<i>k</i>) was used to assess categorical agreement between actual and estimated diagnoses, categorized as “force deficit” (gentler S<sub>FV</sub> or less negative values), “velocity deficit” (steeper S<sub>FV</sub> or more negative values), or “balanced” profile (indicating an optimal force–velocity relationship). F<sub>0</sub>, V<sub>0</sub>, P<sub>max</sub>, and S<sub>FV</sub> were analyzed via Bland–Altman plots (bias, limits of agreement, and heterogenicity), and paired t tests were used for pairwise comparisons.</p> Results <p>There was a lack of categorical agreement between actual and estimated diagnoses (<i>k</i> = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03–0.30; <i>p</i> = 0.20). Actual F<sub>0</sub> and S<sub>FV</sub> values were significantly greater, while V<sub>0</sub> and P<sub>max</sub> were significantly lower than their estimated counterparts (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) with large effect sizes (Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.89–1.21).</p> Conclusions <p>There is no agreement between actual and estimated FVP diagnoses. The discrepancies in FVP metrics suggest that estimated profiles may misrepresent an athlete’s neuromuscular profile. Coaches and practitioners are advised to interpret estimated FVP profile with caution, particularly when using them to inform training prescription.</p>

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Categorical agreement between measured and estimated force–velocity–power profiles in free-weight squat jumps among combat athletes

  • Amilton Vieira,
  • Lucas Ugliara,
  • Rafael Kons,
  • Daniel Boullosa,
  • Juliano Dal Pupo,
  • Martim Bottaro

摘要

Purpose

We investigated the categorical agreement between actual and estimated force–velocity–power (FVP) profiles (i.e., force deficit, velocity deficit, and balanced profile). Complementarily, we compared the FVP output metric (i.e., F0, V0, Pmax, and SFV) to identify potential sources of error.

Methods

Following familiarization, 37 athletes (mean age 26 years; 95% CI: 24–27) completed a loaded squat jump protocol using 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their body mass on a force plate. FVP profiles were derived from both force–time data and estimated inputs (i.e., body mass, jump height, and push-off distance) using Samozino’s method. Cohen’s Kappa (k) was used to assess categorical agreement between actual and estimated diagnoses, categorized as “force deficit” (gentler SFV or less negative values), “velocity deficit” (steeper SFV or more negative values), or “balanced” profile (indicating an optimal force–velocity relationship). F0, V0, Pmax, and SFV were analyzed via Bland–Altman plots (bias, limits of agreement, and heterogenicity), and paired t tests were used for pairwise comparisons.

Results

There was a lack of categorical agreement between actual and estimated diagnoses (k = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03–0.30; p = 0.20). Actual F0 and SFV values were significantly greater, while V0 and Pmax were significantly lower than their estimated counterparts (p < 0.01) with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.89–1.21).

Conclusions

There is no agreement between actual and estimated FVP diagnoses. The discrepancies in FVP metrics suggest that estimated profiles may misrepresent an athlete’s neuromuscular profile. Coaches and practitioners are advised to interpret estimated FVP profile with caution, particularly when using them to inform training prescription.