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Purpose <p>This study investigated anatomical factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), focusing on tongue, airway, and hyoid height, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and polysomnographic data.</p> Methods <p>CBCT data from 40 UCLP children (27 males, 13 females; mean age 9.08 ± 1.87 years) were analyzed and categorized into OSA (<i>n</i> = 20) and non-OSA (<i>n</i> = 20) groups. Measurements included oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway volumes, minimum cross-sectional airway area (MCA), hyoid height, absolute tongue volume (TV), mandible volume (MV), intra-mandibular area (IMA), and relative tongue volumes (TV/MV and TV/IMA). Group differences were assessed using independent samples t-tests, and correlations among parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.</p> Results <p>The OSA group had significantly higher TV, TV/MV, IMA, and TV/IMA (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and TV (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), as well as between hyoid height and TV, TV/MV, and TV/IMA (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) negatively correlated with minimum oxygen saturation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but demonstrated no significant association with anatomical variables. Minimum oxygen saturation correlated positively with oropharyngeal airway volume (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but showed no significant association with other variables.</p> Conclusion <p>Relative tongue volume may serve as a screening parameter for OSA in UCLP children. Although hyoid height correlates with tongue volume, non-significant group differences limit its use as a clinical substitute. Oropharyngeal airway volume correlated with minimum oxygen saturation, while no anatomical variables correlated with AHI.</p>

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Investigating anatomical determinants of OSA in children with UCLP: insights into tongue, airway, and hyoid bone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Ornicha Laowong,
  • Nuntigar Sonsuwan,
  • Marasri Chaiworawitkul

摘要

Purpose

This study investigated anatomical factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), focusing on tongue, airway, and hyoid height, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and polysomnographic data.

Methods

CBCT data from 40 UCLP children (27 males, 13 females; mean age 9.08 ± 1.87 years) were analyzed and categorized into OSA (n = 20) and non-OSA (n = 20) groups. Measurements included oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway volumes, minimum cross-sectional airway area (MCA), hyoid height, absolute tongue volume (TV), mandible volume (MV), intra-mandibular area (IMA), and relative tongue volumes (TV/MV and TV/IMA). Group differences were assessed using independent samples t-tests, and correlations among parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results

The OSA group had significantly higher TV, TV/MV, IMA, and TV/IMA (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and TV (p < 0.05), as well as between hyoid height and TV, TV/MV, and TV/IMA (p < 0.001). Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) negatively correlated with minimum oxygen saturation (p < 0.05) but demonstrated no significant association with anatomical variables. Minimum oxygen saturation correlated positively with oropharyngeal airway volume (p < 0.05) but showed no significant association with other variables.

Conclusion

Relative tongue volume may serve as a screening parameter for OSA in UCLP children. Although hyoid height correlates with tongue volume, non-significant group differences limit its use as a clinical substitute. Oropharyngeal airway volume correlated with minimum oxygen saturation, while no anatomical variables correlated with AHI.