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<p>Hub Location Problems (HLP) have traditionally emphasized cost minimization, yet recent research increasingly underscores Quality of Service (QoS) objectives. In this Systematic Literature Review (SLR), we analyze 130 publications, of which 90 explicitly address QoS criteria in HLP. Drawing on 40 distinct definitions of service quality in broader literature, we synthesize 19 recurring QoS attributes and consolidate them into 11 criteria relevant to HLP, ranging from reliability and service time to more human-centric elements like personnel and social factors. Our findings reveal that 50% of studies center on general transportation and 24.4% address logistics. While reliability, security, and environmental aspects often appear frequently labelled "robustness" or "green HLP", human-centric criteria (e.g., customer experience, personnel, social factors) remain under-explored. Notably, fewer than 5% of works explicitly frame these intangible aspects as QoS, and many studies address them indirectly, without explicitly recognizing them as part of QoS. This gap underscores the need for more comprehensive, multi-criteria frameworks balancing tangible (cost, service time) and intangible QoS dimensions. Future research should expand under-examined criteria and incorporate empirical approaches to capture subjective metrics, ultimately delivering more holistic, user-centric HLP solutions.</p>

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Quality over cost: a systematic review of QoS-focused hub location problems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Asma Azzoug,
  • Mustapha Anwar Brahami,
  • Belgacem Bettayeb,
  • M’hammed Sahnoun,
  • Latéfa Ghomri

摘要

Hub Location Problems (HLP) have traditionally emphasized cost minimization, yet recent research increasingly underscores Quality of Service (QoS) objectives. In this Systematic Literature Review (SLR), we analyze 130 publications, of which 90 explicitly address QoS criteria in HLP. Drawing on 40 distinct definitions of service quality in broader literature, we synthesize 19 recurring QoS attributes and consolidate them into 11 criteria relevant to HLP, ranging from reliability and service time to more human-centric elements like personnel and social factors. Our findings reveal that 50% of studies center on general transportation and 24.4% address logistics. While reliability, security, and environmental aspects often appear frequently labelled "robustness" or "green HLP", human-centric criteria (e.g., customer experience, personnel, social factors) remain under-explored. Notably, fewer than 5% of works explicitly frame these intangible aspects as QoS, and many studies address them indirectly, without explicitly recognizing them as part of QoS. This gap underscores the need for more comprehensive, multi-criteria frameworks balancing tangible (cost, service time) and intangible QoS dimensions. Future research should expand under-examined criteria and incorporate empirical approaches to capture subjective metrics, ultimately delivering more holistic, user-centric HLP solutions.