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<p>Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing (AFDM) is a dual chirp-based multi-carrier modulation technique in the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain that has emerged as a promising waveform for sixth-generation (6G) systems due to its efficient spectrum utilization and strong resilience to delay and Doppler effects in doubly dispersive channels. However, AFDM suffers from a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) due to its multi-carrier nature, which degrades the performance of the transmitter’s high-power amplifier (HPA). In this paper, analytical expressions for the statistical moments of the PAPR in AFDM are derived to analyze the behavior of the PAPR distribution. The expressions are also shown to closely align with simulation results for any number of subcarriers. Furthermore, we devise a carrier interferometry spread AFDM (CI-AFDM) system, which offers reduced PAPR without compromising bit error rate (BER) performance. To further enhance PAPR reduction, a CI-AFDM system with normalized <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-law companding transform (CI-AFDM <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-law) is also devised with minimum BER degradation.</p>

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Reduction of PAPR in AFDM System Based on Carrier Interferometry Spreading and \(\mu\)-Law Companding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Vundela Madhava Reddy,
  • Hanumantharao Bitra

摘要

Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing (AFDM) is a dual chirp-based multi-carrier modulation technique in the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain that has emerged as a promising waveform for sixth-generation (6G) systems due to its efficient spectrum utilization and strong resilience to delay and Doppler effects in doubly dispersive channels. However, AFDM suffers from a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) due to its multi-carrier nature, which degrades the performance of the transmitter’s high-power amplifier (HPA). In this paper, analytical expressions for the statistical moments of the PAPR in AFDM are derived to analyze the behavior of the PAPR distribution. The expressions are also shown to closely align with simulation results for any number of subcarriers. Furthermore, we devise a carrier interferometry spread AFDM (CI-AFDM) system, which offers reduced PAPR without compromising bit error rate (BER) performance. To further enhance PAPR reduction, a CI-AFDM system with normalized \(\mu\) -law companding transform (CI-AFDM \(\mu\) -law) is also devised with minimum BER degradation.