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<p>A compact 4-element planar monopole MIMO design developed for 2.4&#xa0;GHz ISM band, Wi-Fi and WiMAX band applications, utilizing an FR4 substrate with dimensions of 97.5 × 97.5 × 1.6&#xa0;mm³. The four monopole elements are symmetrically positioned in a circular configuration on a shared ground plane, with a 5&#xa0;mm gap between each pair of opposing elements. To improve isolation and reduce mutual coupling, eight slits are precisely etched into the common ground configuration. The antenna demonstrates good impedance alignment, with reflection coefficient reaching a minimum of − 20 dB around 2.41&#xa0;GHz, across 2.4 to 2.483&#xa0;GHz (Wi-Fi band). It achieves isolation of &lt;–15 dB between port 1 and ports 2 and 4, andS(1,3) achieves the highest isolation, higher than − 15dB between port 1 and port 3 within the Wi-Fi&amp;WiMAX band, but after implementation of U-Shaped parasitic strips, mutual coupling reduced below − 15dB confirming its effectiveness for wireless MIMO systems operating at 2.4&#xa0;GHz.</p>

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A Correlation and Coupling Reduction in Tightly Coupled 4-Element 2.4 GHz MIMO Antenna

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Bhatraju Sai Yashodha,
  • Gudibandi Bharath Reddy

摘要

A compact 4-element planar monopole MIMO design developed for 2.4 GHz ISM band, Wi-Fi and WiMAX band applications, utilizing an FR4 substrate with dimensions of 97.5 × 97.5 × 1.6 mm³. The four monopole elements are symmetrically positioned in a circular configuration on a shared ground plane, with a 5 mm gap between each pair of opposing elements. To improve isolation and reduce mutual coupling, eight slits are precisely etched into the common ground configuration. The antenna demonstrates good impedance alignment, with reflection coefficient reaching a minimum of − 20 dB around 2.41 GHz, across 2.4 to 2.483 GHz (Wi-Fi band). It achieves isolation of <–15 dB between port 1 and ports 2 and 4, andS(1,3) achieves the highest isolation, higher than − 15dB between port 1 and port 3 within the Wi-Fi&WiMAX band, but after implementation of U-Shaped parasitic strips, mutual coupling reduced below − 15dB confirming its effectiveness for wireless MIMO systems operating at 2.4 GHz.