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<p>The growing need for compact, high-performance antennas in next-generation wireless platforms such as 5G, WLAN, and WiMAX has intensified research on dual-band and circularly polarized configurations. In this work, a compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna operating at 3.5&#xa0;GHz and 4.66&#xa0;GHz is presented for sub-6&#xa0;GHz 5G and WLAN applications. The antenna is realized on a cost-effective FR4 substrate and occupies an area of 13.4&#xa0;mm × 13.4&#xa0;mm, corresponding to approximately 0.156λ × 0.156λ at 3.5&#xa0;GHz, where λ denotes the free-space wavelength. The design employs strategically etched slots and a diagonally oriented resonant strip to support dual-band behavior, broaden the impedance bandwidth, and enhance radiation characteristics. Furthermore, a defected ground structure (DGS) is integrated to refine current distribution and reduce cross-polarization levels, contributing to improved overall performance. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate excellent agreement, validating the performance of the antenna. The measured return loss achieves − 26 dB at 3.5&#xa0;GHz and − 17 dB at 4.66&#xa0;GHz, with impedance bandwidths of 11.6% and 10%, respectively. The axial ratio remains below 3 dB across both operating bands, confirming stable circular polarization. The proposed antenna exhibits a peak measured gain of 4.5 dB and good polarization purity, with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) dominance across the main lobe. Through comparison study with the existing design proves that the proposed antenna attains smaller dimensional along with wider bandwidth and superior impedance matching. Therefore, the compact size and cost - effectiveness of the antenna position makes it a suitable choice for modern sub-6&#xa0;GHz wireless communication systems.</p>

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A Dual-Band, Circularly Polarized Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G and WiMax Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Janani P,
  • Koushick Venkatesh

摘要

The growing need for compact, high-performance antennas in next-generation wireless platforms such as 5G, WLAN, and WiMAX has intensified research on dual-band and circularly polarized configurations. In this work, a compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna operating at 3.5 GHz and 4.66 GHz is presented for sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN applications. The antenna is realized on a cost-effective FR4 substrate and occupies an area of 13.4 mm × 13.4 mm, corresponding to approximately 0.156λ × 0.156λ at 3.5 GHz, where λ denotes the free-space wavelength. The design employs strategically etched slots and a diagonally oriented resonant strip to support dual-band behavior, broaden the impedance bandwidth, and enhance radiation characteristics. Furthermore, a defected ground structure (DGS) is integrated to refine current distribution and reduce cross-polarization levels, contributing to improved overall performance. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate excellent agreement, validating the performance of the antenna. The measured return loss achieves − 26 dB at 3.5 GHz and − 17 dB at 4.66 GHz, with impedance bandwidths of 11.6% and 10%, respectively. The axial ratio remains below 3 dB across both operating bands, confirming stable circular polarization. The proposed antenna exhibits a peak measured gain of 4.5 dB and good polarization purity, with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) dominance across the main lobe. Through comparison study with the existing design proves that the proposed antenna attains smaller dimensional along with wider bandwidth and superior impedance matching. Therefore, the compact size and cost - effectiveness of the antenna position makes it a suitable choice for modern sub-6 GHz wireless communication systems.