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<p>This paper presents a compact, bandwidth-reconfigurable microstrip antenna as a proof-of-concept platform for candidate 6G upper mid-frequency (FR3) applications. The antenna is implemented on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate with an overall size of 37 × 30 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>, enabling low-cost fabrication and experimental validation. Bandwidth reconfigurability is achieved using two PIN diodes, enabling four distinct operating states. Unlike conventional band-switching approaches, the proposed design exploits a resonance-merging mechanism in which closely spaced resonant modes are intentionally coupled to form continuous, wide operating bands. The antenna covers a wide frequency range from 5.67 to 13.14&#xa0;GHz, spanning a substantial portion of the candidate upper mid-frequency spectrum discussed for future 6G systems. Stable radiation patterns and a realized gain exceeding 4 dBi are observed across all operating states. Measured results validate the proposed resonance-merging concept and demonstrate its potential for adaptive wideband wireless front-end applications.</p>

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A Two-Diode Bandwidth-Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna with Resonance Merging for 6G Mid-Band Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Anil Kumar,
  • Ajay Yadav,
  • Vivek Singh Kushwah,
  • Raghavendra Sharma

摘要

This paper presents a compact, bandwidth-reconfigurable microstrip antenna as a proof-of-concept platform for candidate 6G upper mid-frequency (FR3) applications. The antenna is implemented on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate with an overall size of 37 × 30 × 1.6 mm3, enabling low-cost fabrication and experimental validation. Bandwidth reconfigurability is achieved using two PIN diodes, enabling four distinct operating states. Unlike conventional band-switching approaches, the proposed design exploits a resonance-merging mechanism in which closely spaced resonant modes are intentionally coupled to form continuous, wide operating bands. The antenna covers a wide frequency range from 5.67 to 13.14 GHz, spanning a substantial portion of the candidate upper mid-frequency spectrum discussed for future 6G systems. Stable radiation patterns and a realized gain exceeding 4 dBi are observed across all operating states. Measured results validate the proposed resonance-merging concept and demonstrate its potential for adaptive wideband wireless front-end applications.