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<p>Deep-sea exploration is leading to a growing interest in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), wherein Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is essential for secure, high-speed data transfer. However, the optical link is susceptible to interference from marine life, underwater terrain, and existing underwater infrastructure. This paper introduces a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted UOWC system as a novel approach to mitigate link occlusion and enhance secrecy, with a focus on three communication scenarios: (i) direct, (ii) double RIS-assisted, and (iii) single RIS-assisted UOWC systems. All direct and RIS-assisted UOWC links are subject to the mixture Exponential Generalized Gamma distribution. The secrecy analysis provides closed-form expressions for average secrecy capacity (ASC), lower bounds on secrecy outage probability (SOP), and effective secrecy throughput, demonstrating that integrating RIS technology into UOWC systems significantly enhances secrecy performance under adverse underwater conditions. Numerical results indicate that heterodyne detection outperforms intensity modulation and direct detection techniques in enhancing the security of the communication link. Furthermore, the effectiveness of RIS in mitigating signal blockage and pointing errors is crucial for maintaining high secrecy metrics. It is observed that with ten reflecting elements and 30 dB SNR, the double RIS-assisted system shows a 24% improvement in SOP over the direct UOWC system and a 40.88% increase in ASC compared to a single RIS-assisted system. Monte Carlo simulations are finally conducted to validate the analytical results.</p>

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Enhancing Secrecy in UOWC Networks: A RIS-assisted Approach for IoUT Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Syed Mumit Baksh,
  • A. S. M. Badrudduza,
  • Md. Ibrahim,
  • Md. Kamal Hosain,
  • Imran Shafique Ansari

摘要

Deep-sea exploration is leading to a growing interest in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), wherein Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is essential for secure, high-speed data transfer. However, the optical link is susceptible to interference from marine life, underwater terrain, and existing underwater infrastructure. This paper introduces a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted UOWC system as a novel approach to mitigate link occlusion and enhance secrecy, with a focus on three communication scenarios: (i) direct, (ii) double RIS-assisted, and (iii) single RIS-assisted UOWC systems. All direct and RIS-assisted UOWC links are subject to the mixture Exponential Generalized Gamma distribution. The secrecy analysis provides closed-form expressions for average secrecy capacity (ASC), lower bounds on secrecy outage probability (SOP), and effective secrecy throughput, demonstrating that integrating RIS technology into UOWC systems significantly enhances secrecy performance under adverse underwater conditions. Numerical results indicate that heterodyne detection outperforms intensity modulation and direct detection techniques in enhancing the security of the communication link. Furthermore, the effectiveness of RIS in mitigating signal blockage and pointing errors is crucial for maintaining high secrecy metrics. It is observed that with ten reflecting elements and 30 dB SNR, the double RIS-assisted system shows a 24% improvement in SOP over the direct UOWC system and a 40.88% increase in ASC compared to a single RIS-assisted system. Monte Carlo simulations are finally conducted to validate the analytical results.