Beam Squint Mitigation for Wideband Communications Systems: Aspects, Challenges, and Future Direction
摘要
The widespread deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to a massive growth in wireless data traffic. This considerable growth in traffic demand has put significant pressure on the limited spectrum resources, hence raising the challenge of spectrum scarcity. Therefore, there is a significant requirement to move towards exploiting a wide bandwidth provided by the millimeter wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) bands to compensate for the spectrum scarcity. However, several challenges have arisen with the use of such bands, particularly their high propagation loss and susceptibility to blockage by obstacles. To address these challenges, multiple antenna systems based on beam steering and precise beamforming techniques can be used as a key solution. However, when deploying multiple antennas in wideband systems, a considerable propagation delay arises across the large array aperture, which gives rise to the beam squint effect. In particular, beam squint causes beam misalignment, degradation in the array gain, signal deterioration, and interference, which poses a serious constraint to wideband systems, and hence, prevents such systems from achieving their full potential gain for the future generation of wireless networks and satellite communications systems. Therefore, investigating the techniques related to beamforming, beam-steering, and impotently the beam squint effect in mm-wave antenna arrays becomes crucial. Motivated by the challenges of maintaining consistent beamforming across frequency, this paper provides a review of the beam squint effect in wideband mm-wave systems, including a review of recent advancements and proposing potential approaches to overcome its limitations.