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<p>This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a compact 20-port wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system tailored for next-generation 5G and emerging 6G indoor base-station applications. A key strength of the proposed design is its ability to accommodate 20 antenna elements within a compact footprint while maintaining stable isolation and strong MIMO performance. This is achieved through a uniquely engineered HIET-shaped monopole antenna element and a peripherally distributed 20-element layout that together enable exceptionally high port density while preserving wideband operation and low inter-element coupling—capabilities not achieved in prior sub-6-GHz MIMO designs. Realized on a compact 140 × 140 × 1.5&#xa0;mm³ FR4 substrate, the proposed array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.6–8.2&#xa0;GHz at − 6 dB return loss (≈ VSWR 3:1), covering major 5G and prospective 6G bands including LTE Bands 43/46, NR Bands N77/N78/N79, U-NII bands for Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 and NR-U, portions of the upper C-band, and the lower X-band. Despite its dense configuration, the system maintains excellent isolation, achieving an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.165 and a radiation efficiency of up to 85.4%. Simulated and measured S-parameters, radiation characteristics, and MIMO metrics show close agreement, validating the robustness of the design. Leveraging its high-port configuration, the proposed 20 × 20 MIMO system delivers an ergodic channel capacity of 97.7 bps/Hz at 20 dB SNR—significantly outperforming conventional low-port MIMO arrays. With its compact footprint, novel element structure, enhanced isolation mechanism, and superior channel capacity, the proposed antenna represents a distinct advancement in the development of space-efficient, high-capacity indoor 5G/6G base-station infrastructures.</p>

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Design and Implementation of a Compact 20-Port Wideband MIMO Antenna Array for 5G/6G Indoor Base Stations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Ibrahim Zewail,
  • Saeed Mohsen,
  • M. Mokhtar Zayed

摘要

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a compact 20-port wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system tailored for next-generation 5G and emerging 6G indoor base-station applications. A key strength of the proposed design is its ability to accommodate 20 antenna elements within a compact footprint while maintaining stable isolation and strong MIMO performance. This is achieved through a uniquely engineered HIET-shaped monopole antenna element and a peripherally distributed 20-element layout that together enable exceptionally high port density while preserving wideband operation and low inter-element coupling—capabilities not achieved in prior sub-6-GHz MIMO designs. Realized on a compact 140 × 140 × 1.5 mm³ FR4 substrate, the proposed array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.6–8.2 GHz at − 6 dB return loss (≈ VSWR 3:1), covering major 5G and prospective 6G bands including LTE Bands 43/46, NR Bands N77/N78/N79, U-NII bands for Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 and NR-U, portions of the upper C-band, and the lower X-band. Despite its dense configuration, the system maintains excellent isolation, achieving an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.165 and a radiation efficiency of up to 85.4%. Simulated and measured S-parameters, radiation characteristics, and MIMO metrics show close agreement, validating the robustness of the design. Leveraging its high-port configuration, the proposed 20 × 20 MIMO system delivers an ergodic channel capacity of 97.7 bps/Hz at 20 dB SNR—significantly outperforming conventional low-port MIMO arrays. With its compact footprint, novel element structure, enhanced isolation mechanism, and superior channel capacity, the proposed antenna represents a distinct advancement in the development of space-efficient, high-capacity indoor 5G/6G base-station infrastructures.