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<p>Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a pivotal multiple access technology envisioned for future wireless networks, offering significant improvements in spectral efficiency, user connectivity, and resource allocation. NOMA achieves these benefits by employing Superposition Coding (SC) at the transmitter and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receiver, enabling concurrent data transmission over shared spectrum resources. This review comprehensively examines the evolution and operational principles of NOMA, emphasizing its capabilities to support massive user access, enhance user fairness, and sustain spectrally efficient communication. Key challenges such as complex power allocation, interference management, and computational burdens of SIC are critically analysed, along with potential mitigation strategies. The paper further explores the integration of NOMA with Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO), Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven optimization approaches. These combinations enable intelligent beamforming, dynamic user clustering, and adaptive interference cancellation facilitating NOMA’s role in beyond-Fifth-Generation (5G) and Sixth-Generation (6G) deployments. By synthesizing recent advances and unresolved challenges, this review presents NOMA as a key enabler of reliable, energy-efficient, and ultra-low-latency wireless communication. The full realization of NOMA’s potential will require the deployment of adaptive power control, hybrid resource optimization frameworks, and AI-based learning algorithms to meet the dynamic requirements of next-generation wireless systems.</p>

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Exploring Power Allocation and User Fairness Optimization in NOMA for 5G Networks: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Fabian Chukwudi Ogenyi,
  • Dahiru Buhari Mohammed,
  • Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq,
  • Enerst Edozie,
  • Kelechi John Ukagwu

摘要

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a pivotal multiple access technology envisioned for future wireless networks, offering significant improvements in spectral efficiency, user connectivity, and resource allocation. NOMA achieves these benefits by employing Superposition Coding (SC) at the transmitter and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receiver, enabling concurrent data transmission over shared spectrum resources. This review comprehensively examines the evolution and operational principles of NOMA, emphasizing its capabilities to support massive user access, enhance user fairness, and sustain spectrally efficient communication. Key challenges such as complex power allocation, interference management, and computational burdens of SIC are critically analysed, along with potential mitigation strategies. The paper further explores the integration of NOMA with Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO), Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven optimization approaches. These combinations enable intelligent beamforming, dynamic user clustering, and adaptive interference cancellation facilitating NOMA’s role in beyond-Fifth-Generation (5G) and Sixth-Generation (6G) deployments. By synthesizing recent advances and unresolved challenges, this review presents NOMA as a key enabler of reliable, energy-efficient, and ultra-low-latency wireless communication. The full realization of NOMA’s potential will require the deployment of adaptive power control, hybrid resource optimization frameworks, and AI-based learning algorithms to meet the dynamic requirements of next-generation wireless systems.