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<p>The emerging internet-of-things (IoT) applications for smart living and communication demand advanced cellular network to support high data rates. To meet these requirements, millimeter wave (mmwave) small cells are potential solution due to their excess bandwidth capable of supporting high date rates and a large number of IoT devices. However, the susceptibility of mmwave to blockage particularly by solid objects and human pedestrians poses significant challenges to connectivity and quality of the communication link. Moreover, the presence of vegetation in the environment and atmospheric attenuation further degrades the link quality. This paper presents a mathematical model based on stochastic geometry for analyzing signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) coverage probability and area spectral efficiency (ASE) of an IoT device utilizing mmwave communication. The analysis considers an open space environment where line-of-sight (LOS) ball model accounts for the blockage caused by large objects. The network also incorporates human induced blockages, obstructing the LOS path between the IoT device and its serving base station. For more practicality, the model considers vegetation-induced attenuation, and atmospheric factors such as rain and gaseous absorption. Each device also employ fractional power control to mitigate pathloss and blockage effects while controlling aggregate interference in dense IoT scenarios. The derived analytical expressions exhibit the impact of key blockage parameters such as building blockage, self-body blocking angle, human blockage, IoT device density, cell radius and base station density on the achievable SINR coverage probability and ASE of IoT devices. Results demonstrate that proper selection of SINR threshold is crucial to obtain reliable coverage performance under dense blockage scenario. Furthermore, there exist a particular base station density that maximizes the SINR coverage and ASE of an IoT network in the presence of interfering IoT devices and blocker’s density. The analysis also highlights that increasing BS antenna height and employing narrower beams can effectively mitigate foliage attenuation and human blockage. Results presented in this work provide useful insights for the planning and deployment of robust mmwave-enabled IoT networks in crowded dense urban environments.</p>

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Performance analysis of a dense millimeter wave IoT network

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Hira Mariam,
  • Irfan Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Imran Aslam

摘要

The emerging internet-of-things (IoT) applications for smart living and communication demand advanced cellular network to support high data rates. To meet these requirements, millimeter wave (mmwave) small cells are potential solution due to their excess bandwidth capable of supporting high date rates and a large number of IoT devices. However, the susceptibility of mmwave to blockage particularly by solid objects and human pedestrians poses significant challenges to connectivity and quality of the communication link. Moreover, the presence of vegetation in the environment and atmospheric attenuation further degrades the link quality. This paper presents a mathematical model based on stochastic geometry for analyzing signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) coverage probability and area spectral efficiency (ASE) of an IoT device utilizing mmwave communication. The analysis considers an open space environment where line-of-sight (LOS) ball model accounts for the blockage caused by large objects. The network also incorporates human induced blockages, obstructing the LOS path between the IoT device and its serving base station. For more practicality, the model considers vegetation-induced attenuation, and atmospheric factors such as rain and gaseous absorption. Each device also employ fractional power control to mitigate pathloss and blockage effects while controlling aggregate interference in dense IoT scenarios. The derived analytical expressions exhibit the impact of key blockage parameters such as building blockage, self-body blocking angle, human blockage, IoT device density, cell radius and base station density on the achievable SINR coverage probability and ASE of IoT devices. Results demonstrate that proper selection of SINR threshold is crucial to obtain reliable coverage performance under dense blockage scenario. Furthermore, there exist a particular base station density that maximizes the SINR coverage and ASE of an IoT network in the presence of interfering IoT devices and blocker’s density. The analysis also highlights that increasing BS antenna height and employing narrower beams can effectively mitigate foliage attenuation and human blockage. Results presented in this work provide useful insights for the planning and deployment of robust mmwave-enabled IoT networks in crowded dense urban environments.