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<p>This paper proposes a Secure and Privacy-preserving Authentication and Pseudonym Change Scheme (SAPACS) for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks to address challenges in ensuring security and privacy in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). By adopting a certificateless authentication method based on Merkle mountain range and Modified Merkle Patricia Tree, SAPACS eliminates the negative impact of certificate revocation lists on authentication efficiency. Due to different network states and road conditions, vehicles need to adopt different pseudonym change schemes to ensure privacy. This paper is based on the four types of scenarios divided, and adopts reputation mechanism to meet the demand for pseudonym change in areas outside the signal range of roadside units (RSU), i.e. without RSU assistance. Finally, we give an informal and a formal proof of the correctness of the scheme and compare it with other contemporary schemes to prove its effectiveness. In the simulation experiment, we provided two schemes, SAPACS1 and SAPACS2, which showed higher efficiency in identity verification compared to other schemes, SAPACS2 has an improvement of 1057.85%, 1026.42%, and 1431.05% compared to SAPACS1, CREASE, and PCP, respectively. During the pseudonym change phase, the efficiency of SAPACS2 increased by 576.59% and 596.96% compared to CREASE in two scenarios, respectively. Therefore, the proposal of SAPACS may help improve the security and timeliness of IoV.</p>

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SAPACS: scenario-adaptive pseudonym authentication and change scheme for enabling security and privacy in VANETs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Yukang Deng,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Jing Li,
  • Bin Wang,
  • Xuewei Xia

摘要

This paper proposes a Secure and Privacy-preserving Authentication and Pseudonym Change Scheme (SAPACS) for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks to address challenges in ensuring security and privacy in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). By adopting a certificateless authentication method based on Merkle mountain range and Modified Merkle Patricia Tree, SAPACS eliminates the negative impact of certificate revocation lists on authentication efficiency. Due to different network states and road conditions, vehicles need to adopt different pseudonym change schemes to ensure privacy. This paper is based on the four types of scenarios divided, and adopts reputation mechanism to meet the demand for pseudonym change in areas outside the signal range of roadside units (RSU), i.e. without RSU assistance. Finally, we give an informal and a formal proof of the correctness of the scheme and compare it with other contemporary schemes to prove its effectiveness. In the simulation experiment, we provided two schemes, SAPACS1 and SAPACS2, which showed higher efficiency in identity verification compared to other schemes, SAPACS2 has an improvement of 1057.85%, 1026.42%, and 1431.05% compared to SAPACS1, CREASE, and PCP, respectively. During the pseudonym change phase, the efficiency of SAPACS2 increased by 576.59% and 596.96% compared to CREASE in two scenarios, respectively. Therefore, the proposal of SAPACS may help improve the security and timeliness of IoV.