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<p>In grape, fructosphere microbiota play an important role in nutrient cycling, pathogen suppression, berry quality, and fermentation processes. Insecticide imidacloprid (IM) is used to manage several insect pests of grape. However, the non-targeted effect of insecticide residues on grape-associated microbial communities is poorly understood. In the present study, the effect of IM applied at the recommended dose (RD) and ten times the recommended dose (10RD) on microbiota of grape berry surface was investigated under sub-tropical field conditions. Imidacloprid residues were quantified using LC-MS/MS, while bacterial and fungal community dynamics were analysed through 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing at three time points. Residue analysis revealed gradual dissipation of IM over time, although detectable residues persisted until harvest. Amplicon sequencing identified 1,556 bacterial and 1,348 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). IM treatment significantly affected bacterial OTU abundance, whereas fungal OTUs were not significantly influenced. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated significant differences in bacterial community composition between control and IM-treated samples, while within-group dispersion remained non-significant. In contrast, fungal community composition did not differ significantly among treatments. Pseudomonadota (55–73%) was the dominant bacterial phylum across treatments, whereas Ascomycota (80–94%) predominated among fungal communities. IM exposure reduced the relative abundance of several ecologically important bacterial genera, including <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Sphingomonas</i>, and <i>Methylobacterium</i>, at later sampling stages. Among fungal taxa, <i>Lachnellula</i> remained dominant across all treatments at day 30, whereas several low-abundance fungal genera showed reduced representation. Overall, the study indicated that persistent IM residues can restructure grape fructospheric microbial populations without causing much loss of microbial diversity. The findings suggested that pesticide residues may favour stress-tolerant microbial taxa, with potential implications for vineyard microbial ecology, vine health and berry quality.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Amplicon sequencing reveals impact of imidacloprid residues on diversity profile of grape fructosphere microbiota

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Pushpa Deore,
  • Anuradha Upadhyay,
  • Ahammed Shabeer Thekkumpurath,
  • Rachayya Devarumath,
  • Sujoy Saha

摘要

In grape, fructosphere microbiota play an important role in nutrient cycling, pathogen suppression, berry quality, and fermentation processes. Insecticide imidacloprid (IM) is used to manage several insect pests of grape. However, the non-targeted effect of insecticide residues on grape-associated microbial communities is poorly understood. In the present study, the effect of IM applied at the recommended dose (RD) and ten times the recommended dose (10RD) on microbiota of grape berry surface was investigated under sub-tropical field conditions. Imidacloprid residues were quantified using LC-MS/MS, while bacterial and fungal community dynamics were analysed through 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing at three time points. Residue analysis revealed gradual dissipation of IM over time, although detectable residues persisted until harvest. Amplicon sequencing identified 1,556 bacterial and 1,348 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). IM treatment significantly affected bacterial OTU abundance, whereas fungal OTUs were not significantly influenced. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated significant differences in bacterial community composition between control and IM-treated samples, while within-group dispersion remained non-significant. In contrast, fungal community composition did not differ significantly among treatments. Pseudomonadota (55–73%) was the dominant bacterial phylum across treatments, whereas Ascomycota (80–94%) predominated among fungal communities. IM exposure reduced the relative abundance of several ecologically important bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium, at later sampling stages. Among fungal taxa, Lachnellula remained dominant across all treatments at day 30, whereas several low-abundance fungal genera showed reduced representation. Overall, the study indicated that persistent IM residues can restructure grape fructospheric microbial populations without causing much loss of microbial diversity. The findings suggested that pesticide residues may favour stress-tolerant microbial taxa, with potential implications for vineyard microbial ecology, vine health and berry quality.

Graphical abstract