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<p>Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represent a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilisers and pesticides; however, their agricultural application requires rigorous evaluation of both functional efficacy and biosafety. In this study, we conducted an integrated genomic and phenotypic characterisation of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> DO23, a rhizosphere-derived strain isolated from chilli pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)–cultivated soils in Vietnam, to assess its potential as a plant growth-promoting inoculant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 3.99&#xa0;Mb draft genome with a GC content of 46.1% and confirmed the taxonomic placement of strain DO23 within the <i>B. velezensis</i> clade. Genome annotation identified genes associated with phosphate acquisition and putative phosphorus metabolism, siderophore-mediated iron uptake, tryptophan/indole-related metabolism, motility, root adhesion, biofilm formation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In silico screening detected no known virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes, supporting a favourable preliminary biosafety profile. Functional assays corroborated several genomic predictions, demonstrating phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, formation of Salkowski-reactive indole-like compounds, biofilm formation, root association, and antagonistic activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, seed treatment with DO23 significantly improved germination and early seedling vigour in both chilli pepper and green mustard under controled conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that <i>B. velezensis</i> DO23 promotes early plant development through coordinated nutrient mobilisation, indole-related metabolic potential, and rhizosphere competence rather than nitrogen fixation. This study highlights the value of integrating whole-genome sequencing with targeted phenotypic validation to establish genotype–phenotype relationships and supports further evaluation of DO23 as a native bioinoculant candidate for sustainable agriculture in Vietnam.</p>

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Whole-genome sequencing and functional validation of the plant growth-promoting Bacillus velezensis DO23 isolated in Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Hoai An Tran Vu,
  • Hoai Luan Phan Van,
  • Nha Nguyen Thi,
  • Cam Nguyen Ho Thi,
  • Anh Duy Do

摘要

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represent a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilisers and pesticides; however, their agricultural application requires rigorous evaluation of both functional efficacy and biosafety. In this study, we conducted an integrated genomic and phenotypic characterisation of Bacillus velezensis DO23, a rhizosphere-derived strain isolated from chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)–cultivated soils in Vietnam, to assess its potential as a plant growth-promoting inoculant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 3.99 Mb draft genome with a GC content of 46.1% and confirmed the taxonomic placement of strain DO23 within the B. velezensis clade. Genome annotation identified genes associated with phosphate acquisition and putative phosphorus metabolism, siderophore-mediated iron uptake, tryptophan/indole-related metabolism, motility, root adhesion, biofilm formation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In silico screening detected no known virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes, supporting a favourable preliminary biosafety profile. Functional assays corroborated several genomic predictions, demonstrating phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, formation of Salkowski-reactive indole-like compounds, biofilm formation, root association, and antagonistic activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, seed treatment with DO23 significantly improved germination and early seedling vigour in both chilli pepper and green mustard under controled conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that B. velezensis DO23 promotes early plant development through coordinated nutrient mobilisation, indole-related metabolic potential, and rhizosphere competence rather than nitrogen fixation. This study highlights the value of integrating whole-genome sequencing with targeted phenotypic validation to establish genotype–phenotype relationships and supports further evaluation of DO23 as a native bioinoculant candidate for sustainable agriculture in Vietnam.