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<p>Iron deficiency limits legume production on calcareous soils, and commonly used synthetic iron chelates (e.g., Fe-EDTA) are effective but non-biodegradable and may mobilize toxic metals. Microbial siderophores offer an environmentally sound alternative, yet their direct application as biofertilizers remains underexplored. Here, we evaluated the iron-carrying siderophore produced by <i>Amycolatopsis lurida</i> strain 407 as a biofertilizer for chickpea. Siderophore extracts were quantified and characterized by the CAS assay, Fe (III)-ICP-OES, Arnow and FeCl₃ tests, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and genome mining (antiSMASH). Results indicate strain 407 secretes a mixed catecholate–hydroxamate siderophore whose UV-Vis spectrum (200–600&#xa0;nm) matches mirubactin C and is supported by a mirubactin-like biosynthetic gene cluster in its closest type strain. When applied to chickpea, the Fe + siderophore from strain 407 increased root dry weight and yielded the highest shoot biomass (28&#xa0;g/ plant), pod/plant (41 pods), and seed/pod (36 seeds), outperforming chemical iron fertilizer, Fe-EDTA/ Sequestrin 138 (22&#xa0;g, 24 pods, 24 seeds). Furthermore, seed soluble protein (20&#xa0;mg/g dry seed) was 17% higher than with Sequestrin 138. In this study, for the first time, findings show the mirubactin-like Fe-siderophore from <i>A. lurida</i> 407 enhances plant growth and seed quality and represents a promising, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic iron fertilizers.</p>

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Mirubactin-like siderophore-Fe complex from Amycolatopsis lurida strain 407 is associated with improved plant Fe status and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under in vitro conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Sara Javidpoor,
  • Ali Mohammadi,
  • Leila Ma’mani,
  • Hossein Hadavand Mirzaei,
  • Mohammad Reza Ghaffari,
  • Akram Sadeghi

摘要

Iron deficiency limits legume production on calcareous soils, and commonly used synthetic iron chelates (e.g., Fe-EDTA) are effective but non-biodegradable and may mobilize toxic metals. Microbial siderophores offer an environmentally sound alternative, yet their direct application as biofertilizers remains underexplored. Here, we evaluated the iron-carrying siderophore produced by Amycolatopsis lurida strain 407 as a biofertilizer for chickpea. Siderophore extracts were quantified and characterized by the CAS assay, Fe (III)-ICP-OES, Arnow and FeCl₃ tests, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and genome mining (antiSMASH). Results indicate strain 407 secretes a mixed catecholate–hydroxamate siderophore whose UV-Vis spectrum (200–600 nm) matches mirubactin C and is supported by a mirubactin-like biosynthetic gene cluster in its closest type strain. When applied to chickpea, the Fe + siderophore from strain 407 increased root dry weight and yielded the highest shoot biomass (28 g/ plant), pod/plant (41 pods), and seed/pod (36 seeds), outperforming chemical iron fertilizer, Fe-EDTA/ Sequestrin 138 (22 g, 24 pods, 24 seeds). Furthermore, seed soluble protein (20 mg/g dry seed) was 17% higher than with Sequestrin 138. In this study, for the first time, findings show the mirubactin-like Fe-siderophore from A. lurida 407 enhances plant growth and seed quality and represents a promising, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic iron fertilizers.