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<p>Temperature is a key environmental factor affecting fungal growth, reproduction, and metabolism. In this study, the industrially important fungus <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i> was investigated by integrating physiological phenotyping with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to systematically characterize its morphological traits, antioxidant activity, and untargeted metabolic profiles at 20&#xa0;°C, 25&#xa0;°C, 30&#xa0;°C, and 35&#xa0;°C. The results showed that approximately 30&#xa0;°C was the most favorable temperature for the growth of <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i>. Metabolomic analysis indicated that <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i> exhibited a pattern of metabolic redirection under different temperature conditions, reflecting a multilayered and coordinately changing metabolic mode associated with temperature adaptation. At low temperatures (20&#xa0;°C and 25&#xa0;°C), unsaturated lysophospholipids, such as PC O-18:2, accumulated substantially, suggesting their involvement in membrane adaptation, whereas high temperature was associated with changes in specific phospholipid molecules. In terms of oxidative stress defense, flavonoid- and phenolic-related metabolites showed more prominent changes under low and optimal temperatures, whereas glutathione-related metabolites increased significantly at high temperature, indicating a greater reliance on glutathione-associated antioxidant defense. Regarding energy and osmotic balance, reserve carbohydrates accumulated at the optimal temperature, consistent with coordination between growth and stress resistance, whereas high-temperature stress was associated with a shift toward sugar alcohol accumulation and a metabolic pattern consistent with metabolic deceleration. This study presents the metabolic changes of <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i> under different temperature conditions from a systems-level metabolic perspective and suggests that <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i> may adapt to environmental change by coordinating growth-related metabolism with stress defense-related metabolism. In addition, these findings may provide a reference for future studies on fermentation regulation and stress resistance in <i>Aspergillus cristatus</i>.</p>

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Temperature-associated metabolic responses of Aspergillus cristatus revealed by untargeted LC-MS metabolomics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Lingqing Lu,
  • Rongrong Zhang,
  • Wenli Jie,
  • Hang Zhou,
  • Yi Yang,
  • Yunxue He,
  • Mingzheng Ren,
  • Lihong Zhou

摘要

Temperature is a key environmental factor affecting fungal growth, reproduction, and metabolism. In this study, the industrially important fungus Aspergillus cristatus was investigated by integrating physiological phenotyping with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to systematically characterize its morphological traits, antioxidant activity, and untargeted metabolic profiles at 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C. The results showed that approximately 30 °C was the most favorable temperature for the growth of Aspergillus cristatus. Metabolomic analysis indicated that Aspergillus cristatus exhibited a pattern of metabolic redirection under different temperature conditions, reflecting a multilayered and coordinately changing metabolic mode associated with temperature adaptation. At low temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C), unsaturated lysophospholipids, such as PC O-18:2, accumulated substantially, suggesting their involvement in membrane adaptation, whereas high temperature was associated with changes in specific phospholipid molecules. In terms of oxidative stress defense, flavonoid- and phenolic-related metabolites showed more prominent changes under low and optimal temperatures, whereas glutathione-related metabolites increased significantly at high temperature, indicating a greater reliance on glutathione-associated antioxidant defense. Regarding energy and osmotic balance, reserve carbohydrates accumulated at the optimal temperature, consistent with coordination between growth and stress resistance, whereas high-temperature stress was associated with a shift toward sugar alcohol accumulation and a metabolic pattern consistent with metabolic deceleration. This study presents the metabolic changes of Aspergillus cristatus under different temperature conditions from a systems-level metabolic perspective and suggests that Aspergillus cristatus may adapt to environmental change by coordinating growth-related metabolism with stress defense-related metabolism. In addition, these findings may provide a reference for future studies on fermentation regulation and stress resistance in Aspergillus cristatus.