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<p>The freshwater systems of southeastern Kazakhstan span a climatically and ecologically diverse region with contrasting hydrological systems that provide valuable insight into microbial community dynamics. In this study, we investigated bacterial communities in water samples spanning five freshwater habitat types in southeastern Kazakhstan: glacier, glacial river, lake, river, and sedimentary lake, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed among ecosystem types, with glacial environments harbouring the lowest taxonomic richness and diversity. Network and ordination analyses revealed distinct microbial assemblages driven by ecosystem-specific environmental conditions. Dominant bacterial classes included <i>Bacteroidia</i><i>, </i><i>Betaproteobacteria</i><i>, </i><i>Alphaproteobacteria,</i> and <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, while core genera such as <i>Flavobacterium</i> and <i>Rhodoferax</i> were prevalent across all habitats. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified habitat-discriminative bacterial taxa: glacier was significantly enriched in <i>Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium</i><i>, </i><i>Brevundimonas</i>, and <i>Caulobacter</i>; glacial river in <i>Stagnimonas</i> and <i>Sphingorhabdus</i>; lake in <i>Arcicella</i> and <i>CL500-29 marine group</i>; river in <i>Asticcacaulis</i> and <i>hgcl clade</i>; and sedimentary lake was primarily distinguished by the presence of <i>Pirellula</i>. Correlation analyses further indicated moderate associations between chemical elements and alpha diversity metrics: rubidium, iron, and manganese were negatively correlated with diversity indices, whereas chromium showed a positive correlation. Linear regression plots suggested that the strength and direction of these diversity-element relationships varied among habitat types, with glacier and glacial-river samples showing steeper negative trends for Fe, Rb, and Mn compared with other ecosystems. These patterns likely reflect geochemical gradients across the sampled ecosystems. </p>

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Microbial community structure across freshwater ecosystem types in a high-altitude region, Zhongar Alatau, Kazakhstan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Katarína Ondreičková,
  • Miroslav Böhmer,
  • Diana Rusňáková,
  • Monika Kubáňová,
  • Tomáš Szemes,
  • Lenka Pániková,
  • Berikzhan K. Oxikbayev,
  • Danagul Mukasheva,
  • Marián Janiga

摘要

The freshwater systems of southeastern Kazakhstan span a climatically and ecologically diverse region with contrasting hydrological systems that provide valuable insight into microbial community dynamics. In this study, we investigated bacterial communities in water samples spanning five freshwater habitat types in southeastern Kazakhstan: glacier, glacial river, lake, river, and sedimentary lake, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed among ecosystem types, with glacial environments harbouring the lowest taxonomic richness and diversity. Network and ordination analyses revealed distinct microbial assemblages driven by ecosystem-specific environmental conditions. Dominant bacterial classes included Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, while core genera such as Flavobacterium and Rhodoferax were prevalent across all habitats. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified habitat-discriminative bacterial taxa: glacier was significantly enriched in Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Caulobacter; glacial river in Stagnimonas and Sphingorhabdus; lake in Arcicella and CL500-29 marine group; river in Asticcacaulis and hgcl clade; and sedimentary lake was primarily distinguished by the presence of Pirellula. Correlation analyses further indicated moderate associations between chemical elements and alpha diversity metrics: rubidium, iron, and manganese were negatively correlated with diversity indices, whereas chromium showed a positive correlation. Linear regression plots suggested that the strength and direction of these diversity-element relationships varied among habitat types, with glacier and glacial-river samples showing steeper negative trends for Fe, Rb, and Mn compared with other ecosystems. These patterns likely reflect geochemical gradients across the sampled ecosystems.