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<p>Salinization and overuse of chemical fertilizer restrict usable agricultural land and crop productivity. Biological candidates are needed for sustainable agriculture. Therein, purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) can operate as both a plant growth promoter and a bioremediator. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the how much chemical N fertilizer can be reduced by the nitrogen-fixing purple nonsulfur bacteria (Nf-PNSB) and the effects of Nf-PNSB on the N dynamics, growth, and yield of rice with a two-season experiment. A factorial experiment with two factors having 4 levels each was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 8 plants replication<sup>−1</sup>. Each replication was a pot of soil with 8 rice plants. Factor A was N fertilizer percentages (100, 75, 50, and 0% N compared to the local recommended fertilization, LRF) and factor B was Nf-PNSB (no bacteria used, singly <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> S01 used, singly <i>R. sphaeroides</i> S06 used, and mixed <i>R. sphaeroides</i> S01 and S06 used, with a density of 1.6625 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU g<sup>−1</sup> dry soil). At the same N fertilizer level, treatments with the mixed Nf-PNSB outperformed the ones without bacteria, such as improved soil N availability and plant total N uptake and rice grain yield; and reduced soil Na<sup>+</sup> and plant total Na uptake and proline content, in both seasons. Significant interaction effects between N fertilizer and PNSB were detected for most soil, plant, and yield traits. The mixed PNSB strain enhanced soil ammonium content and reduced Na⁺ accumulation under 100% N, but its effect was less consistent at 75% and 50% N. In both seasons, the 75% N + PNSB mixture treatment produced rice yields statistically similar to 100% N alone, although grain yield was slightly lower in season 2. Across N levels, PNSB supplementation generally reduced soil salinity and plant proline content while increasing N uptake. These results suggest that Nf-PNSB can partly compensate for chemical N reduction, particularly at 75% N, but the effects depend strongly on N level and season. Field trials are needed to confirm whether Nf-PNSB can reliably replace 25% of chemical N fertilizer under saline conditions.</p>

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Purple nonsulfur bacteria affected soil-plant nitrogen, growth, and yield of rice in high salinized soil in thoi binh - ca mau under greenhouse condition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Nguyen Hoang Anh,
  • Vo Yen Ngoc,
  • Nguyen Kim Tuong An,
  • Tran Trong Khoi Nguyen,
  • Le Thanh Quang,
  • Nguyen Duc Trong,
  • Le Thi My Thu,
  • Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan,
  • Ngo Thanh Phong,
  • Nguyen Quoc Khuong

摘要

Salinization and overuse of chemical fertilizer restrict usable agricultural land and crop productivity. Biological candidates are needed for sustainable agriculture. Therein, purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) can operate as both a plant growth promoter and a bioremediator. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the how much chemical N fertilizer can be reduced by the nitrogen-fixing purple nonsulfur bacteria (Nf-PNSB) and the effects of Nf-PNSB on the N dynamics, growth, and yield of rice with a two-season experiment. A factorial experiment with two factors having 4 levels each was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 8 plants replication−1. Each replication was a pot of soil with 8 rice plants. Factor A was N fertilizer percentages (100, 75, 50, and 0% N compared to the local recommended fertilization, LRF) and factor B was Nf-PNSB (no bacteria used, singly Rhodobacter sphaeroides S01 used, singly R. sphaeroides S06 used, and mixed R. sphaeroides S01 and S06 used, with a density of 1.6625 × 105 CFU g−1 dry soil). At the same N fertilizer level, treatments with the mixed Nf-PNSB outperformed the ones without bacteria, such as improved soil N availability and plant total N uptake and rice grain yield; and reduced soil Na+ and plant total Na uptake and proline content, in both seasons. Significant interaction effects between N fertilizer and PNSB were detected for most soil, plant, and yield traits. The mixed PNSB strain enhanced soil ammonium content and reduced Na⁺ accumulation under 100% N, but its effect was less consistent at 75% and 50% N. In both seasons, the 75% N + PNSB mixture treatment produced rice yields statistically similar to 100% N alone, although grain yield was slightly lower in season 2. Across N levels, PNSB supplementation generally reduced soil salinity and plant proline content while increasing N uptake. These results suggest that Nf-PNSB can partly compensate for chemical N reduction, particularly at 75% N, but the effects depend strongly on N level and season. Field trials are needed to confirm whether Nf-PNSB can reliably replace 25% of chemical N fertilizer under saline conditions.