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<p>The Sundarban mangroves form a unique and productive ecosystem, essential for biodiversity conservation and ecological health, yet the role of archaeal communities in rhizosphere and their resilience under environmental stress remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the archaeal community composition and functional potential in the rhizosphere soils of <i>Avicennia officinalis</i> and <i>Ceriops decandra</i> across Godkhali and Kalash, two ecologically distinct sites in the Indian Sundarban. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed dominance of Crenarchaeota, Bathyarchaeia, and unclassified archaeal taxa, while halophilic lineages showed no plant-specific enrichment. Alpha diversity indices indicated similar richness and evenness across mangrove plant species and sites. Beta diversity and multivariate analyses demonstrated that community composition was shaped more by environmental factors, especially pollutant levels, than by plant species. Notably, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), including <i>Nitrososphaera</i> and <i>Nitrosarchaeum</i>, correlated positively with nitrogen concentrations, whereas methanogens and halophiles were associated with low oxygen and metal stress. DGGE profiling of archaeal <i>amoA</i> genes confirmed the widespread presence of AOA. Functional predictions via PICRUSt2 suggested enrichment of genes involved in metal resistance and hydrocarbon degradation. These findings highlight the adaptive role of archaeal communities in supporting rhizosphere resilience under environmental stress, contributing to ecosystem stability in the Sundarban.</p>

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Anthropogenic disturbance selectively influences the rhizosphere archaeal communities of Sundarban mangroves, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Dhruba Bhattacharya,
  • Shayantan Mukherji,
  • Anish Bhattacharyya,
  • Suparna Mitra,
  • Abhrajyoti Ghosh

摘要

The Sundarban mangroves form a unique and productive ecosystem, essential for biodiversity conservation and ecological health, yet the role of archaeal communities in rhizosphere and their resilience under environmental stress remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the archaeal community composition and functional potential in the rhizosphere soils of Avicennia officinalis and Ceriops decandra across Godkhali and Kalash, two ecologically distinct sites in the Indian Sundarban. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed dominance of Crenarchaeota, Bathyarchaeia, and unclassified archaeal taxa, while halophilic lineages showed no plant-specific enrichment. Alpha diversity indices indicated similar richness and evenness across mangrove plant species and sites. Beta diversity and multivariate analyses demonstrated that community composition was shaped more by environmental factors, especially pollutant levels, than by plant species. Notably, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), including Nitrososphaera and Nitrosarchaeum, correlated positively with nitrogen concentrations, whereas methanogens and halophiles were associated with low oxygen and metal stress. DGGE profiling of archaeal amoA genes confirmed the widespread presence of AOA. Functional predictions via PICRUSt2 suggested enrichment of genes involved in metal resistance and hydrocarbon degradation. These findings highlight the adaptive role of archaeal communities in supporting rhizosphere resilience under environmental stress, contributing to ecosystem stability in the Sundarban.