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<p>Cement production is one of the key industrial activities associated with heavy metal emissions. Although growing attention has been given to the environmental impact of cement production, its effects on microbial communities, particularly in sediment and water, remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess heavy metal pollution in water and sediment of rivers surrounding four cement plants and to determine the role of heavy metals in shaping bacterial community structure. The sediment near cement factories contained higher heavy metal concentrations than the water, suggesting a greater risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediment. Arsenic (6.17–139.84&#xa0;mg/kg) and lead (7.6–1890.9&#xa0;mg/kg) were more abundant in sediment than cadmium, nickel, and mercury. Among the nine sediment samples, those from the HNU site were the most heavily contaminated, with a pollution load index value of 4.62. Sediment and water samples harbored distinct bacterial communities. Alphaproteobacteria (20.68 ± 2.91%) were the most abundant class in sediment, whereas Gammaproteobacteria (35.40 ± 13.07%) predominated in water. Arsenic, lead, the pollution load index, and the overall degree of contamination showed negative correlations with the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of the sediment bacterial community, indicating that heavy metal pollution may reduce bacterial diversity. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that amplicon sequence variants associated with heavy metals exhibited positive correlations, suggesting that these taxa possess resistance to heavy metals and potentially contribute to heavy metal remediation. Overall, our findings underscore the substantial influence of habitat type and heavy metals on bacterial community structure and function.</p>

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Impact of habitat type and heavy metals on bacterial communities: insights from sediment and water near cement factories

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Ve Van Le,
  • Dongguk Song,
  • Eun Bin Joa,
  • Sang-Ah Lee

摘要

Cement production is one of the key industrial activities associated with heavy metal emissions. Although growing attention has been given to the environmental impact of cement production, its effects on microbial communities, particularly in sediment and water, remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess heavy metal pollution in water and sediment of rivers surrounding four cement plants and to determine the role of heavy metals in shaping bacterial community structure. The sediment near cement factories contained higher heavy metal concentrations than the water, suggesting a greater risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediment. Arsenic (6.17–139.84 mg/kg) and lead (7.6–1890.9 mg/kg) were more abundant in sediment than cadmium, nickel, and mercury. Among the nine sediment samples, those from the HNU site were the most heavily contaminated, with a pollution load index value of 4.62. Sediment and water samples harbored distinct bacterial communities. Alphaproteobacteria (20.68 ± 2.91%) were the most abundant class in sediment, whereas Gammaproteobacteria (35.40 ± 13.07%) predominated in water. Arsenic, lead, the pollution load index, and the overall degree of contamination showed negative correlations with the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of the sediment bacterial community, indicating that heavy metal pollution may reduce bacterial diversity. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that amplicon sequence variants associated with heavy metals exhibited positive correlations, suggesting that these taxa possess resistance to heavy metals and potentially contribute to heavy metal remediation. Overall, our findings underscore the substantial influence of habitat type and heavy metals on bacterial community structure and function.