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<p>Black rot, caused by <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i>, is a major disease in cauliflower, capable of reducing yield by up to 50%. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biotic (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> CFLB-27) and chemical (acibenzolar-S-methyl, ASM) elicitors, individually and in integration, in enhancing defense responses in tolerant (BR-161) and susceptible (Pusa Sharad) cauliflower genotypes. Elicitors were applied before pathogen inoculation and their effects on defense-related enzymes, disease severity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defensive gene expression were analysed. Results indicated that elicitor treatments significantly enhanced enzymatic activities, gene expression and H₂O₂ accumulation in both genotypes. However, greater induction was observed in tolerant genotype. In tolerant genotype, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> CFLB-27 + ASM + <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> treatment increased POD, CAT, SOD and PAL enzymatic activities by 1.20, 1.13, 1.31 and 1.26-fold, respectively, compared to ASM + <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> treatment. This treatment also upregulated <i>POD</i>, <i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>,<i> PR-1</i>, <i>PR-2</i> and <i>PDF1.2</i> gene expression by 4.75, 6.13, 3.52, 4.31, 3.12, and 3.50-fold, respectively, over the uninoculated control. Moreover, the treatment delayed disease onset and reduced black rot severity, achieving the highest disease control efficacy (85.36% in tolerant genotype; 66.78% in susceptible genotype). These findings demonstrate that the integrated use of biotic and chemical elicitors can effectively enhance host resistance through ROS accumulation and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and defense genes. This strategy holds strong potential for inclusion in integrated disease management programs for sustainable black rot management in cauliflower.</p>

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Exploring host defense responses and elicitor-mediated resistance in cauliflower against black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Neelam Geat,
  • Dinesh Singh,
  • Devendra Singh,
  • Hans Raj Mahla,
  • Rajender Jatoth,
  • Pedapudi Lokesh Babu

摘要

Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, is a major disease in cauliflower, capable of reducing yield by up to 50%. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biotic (Pseudomonas fluorescens CFLB-27) and chemical (acibenzolar-S-methyl, ASM) elicitors, individually and in integration, in enhancing defense responses in tolerant (BR-161) and susceptible (Pusa Sharad) cauliflower genotypes. Elicitors were applied before pathogen inoculation and their effects on defense-related enzymes, disease severity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defensive gene expression were analysed. Results indicated that elicitor treatments significantly enhanced enzymatic activities, gene expression and H₂O₂ accumulation in both genotypes. However, greater induction was observed in tolerant genotype. In tolerant genotype, Pseudomonas fluorescens CFLB-27 + ASM + Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris treatment increased POD, CAT, SOD and PAL enzymatic activities by 1.20, 1.13, 1.31 and 1.26-fold, respectively, compared to ASM + Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris treatment. This treatment also upregulated POD, SOD, CAT, PR-1, PR-2 and PDF1.2 gene expression by 4.75, 6.13, 3.52, 4.31, 3.12, and 3.50-fold, respectively, over the uninoculated control. Moreover, the treatment delayed disease onset and reduced black rot severity, achieving the highest disease control efficacy (85.36% in tolerant genotype; 66.78% in susceptible genotype). These findings demonstrate that the integrated use of biotic and chemical elicitors can effectively enhance host resistance through ROS accumulation and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and defense genes. This strategy holds strong potential for inclusion in integrated disease management programs for sustainable black rot management in cauliflower.