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<p>The Vellode Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar wetland in Tamil Nadu, India, exemplifies the multifaceted ecosystem services of wetlands, offering a model for conservation and sustainable management. This study assesses the Total Economic Value (TEV) of the sanctuary’s services, categorized into direct, indirect, and non-use values, using data from 200 farmers, 150 tourists, and 160 households, supplemented by secondary sources. Valuation methods included market prices, the Individual Travel Cost Method, and benefit transfer. Direct values from paddy cultivation and tourism generate ₹2.20 crore (US$0.26 million) annually, indirect values from water storage and carbon sequestration contribute ₹18.07 crore (US$2.15 million), and non-use values, reflecting cultural and legacy significance, add ₹0.48 crore (US$0.06 million), totalling ₹20.751 crore (US$2.47 million) per year. Principal Component Analysis and Spearman Rank Correlation revealed moderate positive correlations between tourism revenue and water pollution and negative correlations between biodiversity and pollution, highlighting trade-offs. Challenges like deforestation, invasive species, and pollution threaten the sanctuary, necessitating agroecological practices, sustainable forestry, and integrated water management. Policy recommendations include stricter pollution controls, community-driven eco-tourism, and alternative livelihoods to balance ecological and socio-economic benefits. The sanctuary’s role in carbon sequestration and biodiversity supports its integration into global climate resilience frameworks. These findings offer transferable insights for managing small-scale wetlands in biodiversity-rich regions facing similar pressures.</p>

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From habitat to economy: categorizing, valuing, and protecting the multifaceted ecosystem services of Vellode Bird Sanctuary

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Sarvesh Jayasree Prabakaran,
  • Kiruthika Natarajan,
  • Vidyavathi Arumugam,
  • Mahendran Kandaswamy,
  • Sivasubramanian Karuppusamy

摘要

The Vellode Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar wetland in Tamil Nadu, India, exemplifies the multifaceted ecosystem services of wetlands, offering a model for conservation and sustainable management. This study assesses the Total Economic Value (TEV) of the sanctuary’s services, categorized into direct, indirect, and non-use values, using data from 200 farmers, 150 tourists, and 160 households, supplemented by secondary sources. Valuation methods included market prices, the Individual Travel Cost Method, and benefit transfer. Direct values from paddy cultivation and tourism generate ₹2.20 crore (US$0.26 million) annually, indirect values from water storage and carbon sequestration contribute ₹18.07 crore (US$2.15 million), and non-use values, reflecting cultural and legacy significance, add ₹0.48 crore (US$0.06 million), totalling ₹20.751 crore (US$2.47 million) per year. Principal Component Analysis and Spearman Rank Correlation revealed moderate positive correlations between tourism revenue and water pollution and negative correlations between biodiversity and pollution, highlighting trade-offs. Challenges like deforestation, invasive species, and pollution threaten the sanctuary, necessitating agroecological practices, sustainable forestry, and integrated water management. Policy recommendations include stricter pollution controls, community-driven eco-tourism, and alternative livelihoods to balance ecological and socio-economic benefits. The sanctuary’s role in carbon sequestration and biodiversity supports its integration into global climate resilience frameworks. These findings offer transferable insights for managing small-scale wetlands in biodiversity-rich regions facing similar pressures.